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Lynn P. Rehm proposed a self-control model of depression based on the three processes included in a feedback loop model of self-control: self-monitoring, self-evaluation, and self-reinforcement. [3] In the self-control model, depression is characterized as the result of deficits in these processes of self-control.
One behavioral activation approach to depression had participants create a hierarchy of reinforcing activities, rank-ordered by difficulty. Participants then tracked goals along with clinicians who used a token economy to reinforce success in moving through the hierarchy of activities, being measured before and after by the Beck Depression Inventory.
The treatment approach that emerged from this research is called behavioral activation. In addition, use of positive reinforcement has been shown to improve symptoms of depression in children. [108] Reinforcement has also been shown to improve the self-concept in children with depression comorbid with learning difficulties. [109]
Behavior modification is a treatment approach that uses respondent and operant conditioning to change behavior. Based on methodological behaviorism, [1] overt behavior is modified with (antecedent) stimulus control and consequences, including positive and negative reinforcement contingencies to increase desirable behavior, as well as positive and negative punishment, and extinction to reduce ...
In children or adolescents, CBT is an effective part of treatment plans for anxiety disorders, [71] body dysmorphic disorder, [72] depression and suicidality, [73] eating disorders [7] and obesity, [74] obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), [75] and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), [76] tic disorders, trichotillomania, and other ...
Depression is a significant mental illness with physiological and psychological consequences, including sluggishness, diminished interest and pleasure, and disturbances in sleep and appetite. [1] It is predicted that by the year 2030, depression will be the number one cause of disability in the United States and other high-income countries. [2]
Neither reinforcement nor extinction need to be deliberate in order to have an effect on a subject's behavior. For example, if a child reads books because they are fun, then the parents' decision to ignore the book reading will not remove the positive reinforcement (i.e., fun) the child receives from reading books.
Psychologists have developed different treatments to assist children and adolescents suffering from depression, though the legitimacy of the diagnosis of childhood depression as a psychiatric disorder, as well as the efficacy of various methods of assessment and treatment, remains controversial.