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2. Tourmaline - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourmaline

   The early history of the mineral schorl shows that the name "schorl" was in use prior to 1400 because a village known today as Zschorlau (in Saxony, Germany) was then named "Schorl" (or minor variants of this name), and the village had a nearby tin mine where, in addition to cassiterite, black tourmaline was found.

3. Elbaite - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbaite

   Elbaite forms three series, with dravite, with fluor-liddicoatite, and with schorl. Due to these series, specimens with the ideal endmember formula are not found occurring naturally. As a gemstone , elbaite is a desirable member of the tourmaline group because of the variety and depth of its colours and quality of the crystals.

4. Gemstones of Pakistan - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstones_of_Pakistan

   In 1979, Gemstones Corporation of Pakistan was established to develop the gemstones sector in Pakistan, however in 1997 the corporation liquidated. [3] Now a number of organizations are working in this sector including All Pakistan Commercial Exporters Association of Rough & Unpolished Precious and Semi Precious Stones (APCEA) and Pakistan Gems and Jewellery Development Company (PGJDC).

5. Chatoyancy - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chatoyancy

   aquamarine varieties), charoite, tourmaline, labradorite, selenite, feldspar, apatite, moonstone, thomsonite and scapolite amongst others. Chatoyancy is not limited to gemstones but can also be found in various wood species and carbon fiber. Synthetically made gemstones with optical fibers can also have chatoyancy. These gemstones are available ...

6. Pegmatite - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pegmatite

   This is followed by deposition of albite, lepidolite, gem tourmaline, beryl, spodumene, amblygonite, topaz, apatite, and fluorite, which may partially replace some of the minerals in the earlier zone. [5] The center of the pegmatite may have cavities lined with spectacular gemstone crystals. [20] Some pegmatites have more complex zoning.

7. Scapolite - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scapolite

   In one case the feldspar is replaced by quartz and white mica (in greisen) or quartz and tourmaline (in schorl rocks); in the other case scapolite is the principal new product. The analogy is a very close one, and this theory receives much support from the fact that in Canada (at various places in Ottawa and Ontario) there are numerous valuable ...