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The length of a whip antenna is determined by the wavelength of the radio waves it is used with. Their length varies from compact electrically short antennas 1 / 10 wavelength long, up to 5 / 8 wavelength to improve directivity. The most common type is the quarter-wave whip, which is approximately 1 / 4 wavelength long.
The 20-meter or 14-MHz amateur radio band is a portion of the shortwave radio spectrum, comprising frequencies stretching from 14.000 MHz to 14.350 MHz. [1] The 20-meter band is widely considered among the best for long-distance communication ( DXing ), and is one of the most popular—and crowded—during contests . [ 2 ]
Paradoxically, every antenna of any type, shorter than ~ 1 / 10 wave in its longest dimension is approximately isotropic, but no real antenna can ever be exactly isotropic. An antenna that is exactly isotropic is only a mathematical model , used as the base of comparison to calculate either the directivity or gain of real antennas.
Since a half-wave dipole has a gain of 2.19 dBi and a radiation resistance of 73 Ohms, a quarter-wave ( 1 / 4 λ) monopole will have a gain of 2.19 + 3.0 = 5.2 dBi and a radiation resistance of about 36.5 Ohms. [13] The antenna is resonant at this length, so its input impedance is purely resistive.
A 1 / 4 λ monopole antenna and its ground image together form a 1 / 2 λ dipole that radiates only in the upper half of space. The vertical , Marconi , or monopole antenna is a single-element antenna usually fed at the bottom (with the shield side of its unbalanced transmission line connected to ground).
The first technique developed was the far-field range, where the antenna under test (AUT) is placed in the far-field of a range antenna. Due to the size required to create a far-field range for large antennas, near-field techniques were developed, which allow the measurement of the field on a distance close to the antenna (typically 3 to 10 ...
The quarter-wave monopole, the most compact resonant antenna, may be the most widely used antenna in the world. The five-eighth wave monopole – length 0.625 λ, or 5 / 8 of a wavelength – is also popular, since at that length monopoles direct the greatest proportion of their radiated power horizontally, hence the best use of ...
For instance, if a radio wave passing a given location has a flux of 1 pW / m 2 (10 −12 Watts per square meter) and an antenna has an effective area of 12 m 2, then the antenna would deliver 12 pW of RF power to the receiver (30 microvolts RMS at 75 ohms). Since the receiving antenna is not equally sensitive to signals received from all ...