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Cud is a portion of food that returns from a ruminant's stomach to the mouth to be chewed for the second time. More precisely, it is a bolus of semi-degraded food regurgitated from the reticulorumen of a ruminant. Cud is produced during the physical digestive process of rumination. [1]
A water buffalo chewing cud. Chewing is primarily an unconscious (semi-autonomic) act, but can be mediated by higher conscious input.The motor program for mastication is a hypothesized central nervous system function by which the complex patterns governing mastication are created and controlled.
The hare, for chewing the cud without having cloven hooves. [2] [5] The pig, for having cloven hooves without chewing the cud. [6] [7] While camels possess a single stomach, and are thus not true ruminants, they do chew cud; additionally, camels do not have hooves at all, but rather separate toes on individual toe pads, with hoof-like toenails.
A chewing gum sales ban has been in place since 1992 in Singapore. It is currently not illegal to chew gum in Singapore, merely to import it and sell it, with certain exceptions. [22] Since 2004, an exception has existed for therapeutic, dental, and nicotine chewing gum, [23] which can be bought from a doctor or registered pharmacist. [24]
Their mandibular motions are similar to chewing cud, [9] [a] but the hyrax is physically incapable of regurgitation [10] [11] as in the even-toed ungulates and some of the macropods. This behaviour is referred to in a passage in the Bible which describes hyraxes as "chewing the cud".
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Others, such as Fuller Bazer, an animal science professor at the University of Florida, believe that the animal is kosher due to its cloven hoof and cud chewing. Additionally, it has been noted that the babirusa is an endangered species and that most Muslims, who face similar dietary restrictions, would avoid eating the meat of any animal whose ...
Pronghorns also chew and eat (ruminate) cud. Healthy pronghorn populations tend to stay within 5.0–6.5 km (3–4 mi) of a water source. The majority are found within 5 mi (8 km) of a water source. [39]