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Hosts obtain these bacterial symbionts either from the environment, spawning, or the luminous bacterium is evolving with their host. [46] Coevolutionary interactions are suggested as host organisms' anatomical adaptations have become specific to only certain luminous bacteria, to suffice ecological dependence of bioluminescence. [47]
The Unified System of Photometry allows light fixtures to be designed to reduce energy use while maintaining or improving perceptions of visibility, safety, and security. [173] There was a need to create a new system of light measurement at night because the biological way in which the eye's rods and cones process light is different in ...
Luminous blue variable stars can undergo "giant outbursts" with dramatically increased mass loss and luminosity. η Carinae is the prototypical example, [20] with P Cygni showing one or more similar outbursts 300–400 years ago, [21] but dozens have now been catalogued in external galaxies.
The Sun moves through the heliosphere at 84,000 km/h (52,000 mph). At this speed, it takes around 1,400 years for the Solar System to travel a distance of 1 light-year, or 8 days to travel 1 AU (astronomical unit). [113] The Solar System is headed in the direction of the zodiacal constellation Scorpius, which follows the ecliptic. [114]