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  2. Substantive due process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substantive_due_process

    Substantive due process is a principle in United States constitutional law that allows courts to establish and protect substantive laws and certain fundamental rights from government interference, even if they are unenumerated elsewhere in the U.S. Constitution.

  3. Natural rights and legal rights - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_rights_and_legal...

    Natural law is the law of natural rights. Legal rights are those bestowed onto a person by a given legal system (they can be modified, repealed, and restrained by human laws). The concept of positive law is related to the concept of legal rights. Natural law first appeared in ancient Greek philosophy, [2] and was referred to by Roman ...

  4. Rights - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rights

    Citizenship, itself, is often considered as the basis for having legal rights, and has been defined as the "right to have rights". Legal rights are sometimes called civil rights or statutory rights and are culturally and politically relative since they depend on a specific societal context to have meaning. Some thinkers see rights in only one ...

  5. Constitutional right - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_right

    A constitutional right can be a prerogative or a duty, a power or a restraint of power, recognized and established by a sovereign state or union of states. Constitutional rights may be expressly stipulated in a national constitution, or they may be inferred from the language of a national constitution, which is the supreme law of the land, meaning that laws that contradict it are considered ...

  6. Civil and political rights - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_and_political_rights

    Political rights include natural justice (procedural fairness) in law, such as the rights of the accused, including the right to a fair trial; due process; the right to seek redress or a legal remedy; and rights of participation in civil society and politics such as freedom of association, the right to assemble, the right to petition, the right ...

  7. Right to resist - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_to_resist

    UCLA Law Review. 60: 1184. Muller, Mark (2008). "Terrorism, Proscription and the Right to Resist in the Age of Conflict". Denning Law Journal. 20: 111– 131. doi: 10.5750/dlj.v20i1.327. Murphy, Shannonbrooke (2011). "Unique in international human rights law : article 20(2) and the right to resist in the African Charter on Human and Peoples ...

  8. Negative and positive rights - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_and_positive_rights

    To take an example involving two parties in a court of law: Adrian has a negative right to x against Clay, if and only if Clay is prohibited to act upon Adrian in some way regarding x. In contrast, Adrian has a positive right to x against Clay, if and only if Clay is obliged to act upon Adrian in some way regarding x.

  9. Right to petition in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_to_petition_in_the...

    The 1688 Bill of Rights provides no such limitation to assembly. Under the common law, the right of an individual to petition implies the right of multiple individuals to assemble lawfully for that purpose. [11] England's implied right to assemble to petition was made an express right in the US First Amendment.