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Pe=Peripheral, P1=Pleural 1, BCS=Bridge Carapace Suture. The turtle shell is made up of numerous bony elements, generally named after similar bones in other vertebrates, and a series of keratinous scutes which are also uniquely named. The ventral surface is called the plastron. [2] [3] These are joined by an area called the bridge.
Diagram of a prawn, with the carapace highlighted in red. A carapace is a dorsal (upper) section of the exoskeleton or shell in a number of animal groups, including arthropods, such as crustaceans and arachnids, as well as vertebrates, such as turtles and tortoises. In turtles and tortoises, the underside is called the plastron.
In many species, males have a concave plastron that interlocks with the female's carapace. In species like the Russian tortoise, the male has a lighter shell and longer legs. The high, rounded shape of box turtles are particular obstacles for mounting. The male eastern box turtle leans backward and hooks onto the back of the female's plastron. [87]
The carapace is leathery and pliable, particularly at the sides. The central part of the carapace has a layer of solid bone beneath it, as in other turtles, but this is absent at the outer edges. Some species also have dermal bones in the plastron, but these are not attached to the bones of the shell. The light and flexible shell of these ...
The carapace has a hydrodynamic appearance and is broad with a moderately low keel. The rear of the carapace is flared and the rear marginals form serrations. The plastron is yellowish and is marked by a central dark blotch (plastral figure) that follows the sutures of the plastral scutes and fades with age so that many adults lack a pattern ...
[1] Evidence that the plastron evolved before the carapace, as indicated by the lack of carapace in Odontochelys semitestacea, is often viewed as an indication of the aquatic origin of turtles. [1] The fossil was found in marine deposits, further supporting that the primitive turtle frequented shallow marine water.
The generic name Sternotherus is Greek meaning hinged breast or chest, referring to the hinged plastron. [3] The trivial names, or specific epithets include: carinatus – Latin for keeled in reference to the shape of the carapace; [4] depressus – Latin for pressed down or low also referring to the shape of the carapace; [5] intermedius – Latin for intermediate, historically believed to be ...
Proganochelys possesses several chelonian synapomorphies including: a bony shell containing fused ribs, neural bones with fused thoracic segments, and a carapace and plastron that enclose the pelvic and shoulder girdle. [6] Proganochelys was also known for its autapomorphies, which included a tail club and a tubercle on the basioccipital. [6]