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L. M. Kachanov [5] and Y. N. Rabotnov [6] suggested the following evolution equations for the creep strain ε and a lumped damage state variable ω: ˙ = ˙ ˙ = ˙ where ˙ is the creep strain rate, ˙ is the creep-rate multiplier, is the applied stress, is the creep stress exponent of the material of interest, ˙ is the rate of damage accumulation, ˙ is the damage-rate multiplier, and is ...
Damage "does not necessarily imply total loss of system functionality, but rather that the system is no longer operating in its optimal manner". [1] Damage to physical objects is "the progressive physical process by which they break", [2]: 1. and includes mechanical stress that weakens a structure, even if this is not visible. [2]: ix.
Google Translate is a multilingual neural machine translation service developed by Google to translate text, documents and websites from one language into another. It offers a website interface, a mobile app for Android and iOS, as well as an API that helps developers build browser extensions and software applications. [3]
Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. [1] Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a substructure of the organism, such as a cell (cytotoxicity) or an organ such as the liver (hepatotoxicity).
For example, the probability of core damage may increase while replacing a component, but the probability would be even higher if that component were to fail because it wasn't replaced. [4] Risk measures, such as core damage frequency and large early release frequency (LERF), determine the risk criteria for such changes.
Also acid ionization constant or acidity constant. A quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution expressed as an equilibrium constant for a chemical dissociation reaction in the context of acid-base reactions. It is often given as its base-10 cologarithm, p K a. acid–base extraction A chemical reaction in which chemical species are separated from other acids and bases. acid ...
Ischemia results in tissue damage in a process known as ischemic cascade. The damage is the result of the build-up of metabolic waste products, inability to maintain cell membranes , mitochondrial damage, and eventual leakage of autolyzing proteolytic enzymes into the cell and surrounding tissues.
Proprietary software: Commercial: 12.5: No: 20+ Hybrid, rule-based, statistical and neural machine translation [7] SYSTRAN: Cross-platform (web application) Proprietary software: $200 (desktop) – $15,000 and up (enterprise server) Version 7: No: 50+ Hybrid, rule-based, statistical machine translation and neural machine translation: Yandex ...