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For example, in Czech (-ám, -ách), Chakavian (-ãh) and Polish (-åch). Subsequently the Moscow Accentological School, after a thorough analysis of imaginary and marginal exceptions to the de Saussure's law, cancelled Dybo's clarification and introduced a reduction in the endings of primary cases or Leskien–Otrębski–Smoczyński's rule.
Empirically, one report proposes that HRT in American English and Australian English is marked by a high tone (high pitch or high fundamental frequency) beginning on the final accented syllable near the end of the statement (the terminal), and continuing to increase in frequency (up to 40%) to the end of the intonational phrase. [1]
In handwritten French, for example in taking notes, an m with a circumflex (m̂) is an informal abbreviation for même "same". In February 2016, the Académie française decided to remove the circumflex from about 2,000 words, a plan that had been outlined since 1990. However, usage of the circumflex would not be considered incorrect. [13]
In distinction to the angled Latin circumflex, the Greek circumflex is printed in the form of either a tilde ( ̃) or an inverted breve ( ̑). It was also known as ὀξύβαρυς oxýbarys "high-low" or "acute-grave", and its original form ( ^ ) was from a combining of the acute and grave diacritics.
For example, the first syllable of the word φαίνου (phaínou) is set to three notes rising in pitch, the middle syllable of ὀλίγον (olígon) is higher in pitch than the other two syllables, and the circumflex accent of ζῆν (zên) has two notes, the first a third higher than the second. [48]
For example, [ma˨˩˦] represents the mid-dipping pitch contour of the Chinese word for horse, 馬 ／ 马 mǎ. Single tone letters differentiate up to five pitch levels: ˥ 'extra high' or 'top', ˦ 'high', ˧ 'mid', ˨ 'low', and ˩ 'extra low' or 'bottom'. No language is known to depend on more than five levels of pitch.
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(3) Example metrical grid The higher the column of Xs above a syllable, the more prominent the syllable is. The metrical grid and the metrical tree for a particular utterance are related in such a way that the Designated Terminal Element of an S node must be more prominent than the Designated Terminal Element of its sister W node. [2]