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  2. Supergene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supergene

    [3] [4] [5] Primula supergene. Pin and thrum morphs of Primula have effects on genetic compatibility (pin style x thrum pollen , or thrum style x pin pollen matings are successful, while pin x pin, and thrum x thrum matings are rarely successful due to pollen-style incompatibility ), and have different style length, anther height in the corolla ...

  3. Zone of polarizing activity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_of_polarizing_activity

    Results showed digit duplications, with the most common being 4-3-3-4, with digit 2 missing. Though there was variability, it was clearly consistent with anterior to posterior positional patterning. Variations were due to the amount of tissue grafted, and the location of the graft.

  4. Unfolded protein response - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unfolded_protein_response

    The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a cellular stress response related to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. [1] It has been found to be conserved between mammalian species, [2] as well as yeast [1] [3] and worm organisms. The UPR is activated in response to an accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the lumen of the ...

  5. Biochemical cascade - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemical_cascade

    A biochemical cascade, also known as a signaling cascade or signaling pathway, is a series of chemical reactions that occur within a biological cell when initiated by a stimulus.

  6. Cell biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_biology

    Cell biology (also cellular biology or cytology) is a branch of biology that studies the structure, function, and behavior of cells. [1] [2] All living organisms are made of cells. A cell is the basic unit of life that is responsible for the living and functioning of organisms. [3] Cell biology is the study of the structural and functional ...

  7. Cell (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)

    Cell Biology in "The Biology Project" of University of Arizona. Centre of the Cell online; The Image & Video Library of The American Society for Cell Biology Archived 2011-06-10 at the Wayback Machine, a collection of peer-reviewed still images, video clips and digital books that illustrate the structure, function and biology of the cell.

  8. List of unsolved problems in biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems...

    What was the molecular mechanism that allows the association of the amino acids with their triplet codons? [1] What were the biochemical paths from individual bio-building blocks like amino acids or nucleic acids to functional polymers such as proteins and DNA?

  9. Cytoplasmic streaming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytoplasmic_streaming

    In Chara coralina, cells can grow up to 10 cm long and 1 mm in diameter. [8] The diameter of the vacuole can occupy around 80% of the cell's diameter. [11] Thus for a 1 mm diameter cell, the vacuole can have a diameter of 0.8 mm, leaving only a path width of about 0.1 mm around the vacuole for cytoplasm to flow.