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X-ray of a giant-cell bone tumor in the head of the fourth metacarpal of the left hand. On X-ray, giant-cell tumors (GCTs) are lytic/lucent lesions that have an epiphyseal location and grow to the articular surface of the involved bone. [8] Radiologically the tumors may show characteristic 'soap bubble' appearance. [9]
Benign tumors of bone can be similar macroscopically and require a combination of a clinical history with cytogenetic, molecular, and radiologic tests for diagnosis. [23] Three common forms of benign bone tumors with are giant cell tumor of bone, osteochondroma, and enchondroma; other forms of benign bone tumors exist but may be less prevalent.
Esophageal cancer is cancer arising from the esophagus—the food pipe that runs between the throat and the stomach. [2] Symptoms often include difficulty in swallowing and weight loss. [ 1 ] Other symptoms may include pain when swallowing , a hoarse voice , enlarged lymph nodes ("glands") around the collarbone , a dry cough, and possibly ...
The tumor is solid, hard, irregular ("fir-tree," "moth-eaten", or "sun-burst" appearance on X-ray examination) due to the tumor spicules of calcified bone radiating at right angles. These right angles form what is known as a Codman triangle , which is characteristic but not diagnostic of osteosarcoma.
A bone tumor is an abnormal growth of tissue in bone, traditionally classified as noncancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant). [1] [4] Cancerous bone tumors usually originate from a cancer in another part of the body such as from lung, breast, thyroid, kidney and prostate. [1] There may be a lump, pain, or neurological signs from pressure. [1]
Squamous cell cancer, upper oesophagus. Gastrointestinal cancer refers to malignant conditions of the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) and accessory organs of digestion, including the esophagus, stomach, biliary system, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus. The symptoms relate to the organ affected and can include ...
Carcinoma is a malignancy that develops from epithelial cells. [1] Specifically, a carcinoma is a cancer that begins in a tissue that lines the inner or outer surfaces of the body, and that arises from cells originating in the endodermal, mesodermal [2] or ectodermal germ layer during embryogenesis.
The first malignant cell, that gives rise to the tumor, is often labeled a cancer stem cell. [87] The cancer stem-cell hypothesis relies on the fact that a lot of tumors are heterogeneous – the cells in the tumor vary by phenotype and functions. [87] [88] [89] Current research shows that in many cancers there is apparent hierarchy among cells.