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  2. Bipolar junction transistor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolar_junction_transistor

    An NPN transistor comprises two semiconductor junctions that share a thin p-doped region, and a PNP transistor comprises two semiconductor junctions that share a thin n-doped region. N-type means doped with impurities (such as phosphorus or arsenic ) that provide mobile electrons, while p-type means doped with impurities (such as boron ) that ...

  3. Push–pull output - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Push–pull_output

    A Class B push–pull output driver using a pair of complementary PNP and NPN bipolar junction transistors configured as emitter followers. A push–pull amplifier is a type of electronic circuit that uses a pair of active devices that alternately supply current to, or absorb current from, a connected load. This kind of amplifier can enhance ...

  4. 2N3906 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2N3906

    The 2N3906 is a commonly used PNP bipolar junction transistor intended for general purpose low-power amplifying or switching applications. [1] [2] It is designed for low electric current and power and medium voltage, and can operate at moderately high speeds. It is complementary to the 2N3904 NPN transistor. [3]

  5. Darlington transistor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darlington_transistor

    Darlington Transistor (NPN-type) In electronics, a Darlington configuration (commonly called as a Darlington pair) is a circuit consisting of two bipolar transistors with the emitter of one transistor connected to the base of the other, such that the current amplified by the first transistor is amplified further by the second one. [1]

  6. Curve tracer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curve_tracer

    The Type 575 Transistor-Curve Tracer displays the dynamic characteristic curves of both NPN and PNP transistors on the screen of a 5-inch cathode-ray tube. Several different transistor characteristic curves may be displayed, including the collector family in the common-base and common emitter configuration.

  7. Diode–transistor logic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode–transistor_logic

    The IBM 1401 (announced in 1959 [4]) used DTL circuits similar to the circuit shown in the first picture. [5] IBM called the logic "complemented transistor diode logic" (CTDL). [6] CTDL avoided the level shifting stage (R3 and R4) by alternating NPN and PNP based gates operating on different power supply voltages.

  8. Sziklai pair - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sziklai_pair

    Alternately, if a germanium PNP device was used, it would have significantly different characteristics than the silicon NPN transistor. In the quasi-complementary topology, the performance of the lower pull pair, which uses a single NPN transistor, more closely matches the performance of the upper push pair, which consists of two NPN ...

  9. Early effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_effect

    The expressions are derived for a PNP transistor. For an NPN transistor, n has to be replaced by p, and p has to be replaced by n in all expressions below. The following assumptions are involved when deriving ideal current-voltage characteristics of the BJT [7] Low level injection; Uniform doping in each region with abrupt junctions

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