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The downward curve after saturation, along with the lower return curve, form the main loop. The intercepts h c and m rs are the coercivity and saturation remanence. Magnetic hysteresis occurs when an external magnetic field is applied to a ferromagnet such as iron and the atomic dipoles align themselves with it.
Saturation is most clearly seen in the magnetization curve (also called BH curve or hysteresis curve) of a substance, as a bending to the right of the curve (see graph at right). As the H field increases, the B field approaches a maximum value asymptotically , the saturation level for the substance.
The downward curve after saturation, along with the lower return curve, form the main loop. The intercepts h c and m rs are the coercivity and saturation remanence . When ferrimagnets are exposed to an external magnetic field, they display what is called magnetic hysteresis , where magnetic behavior depends on the history of the magnet.
The curves form a hysteresis loop. Hysteresis is the dependence of the state of a system on its history. For example, a magnet may have more than one possible magnetic moment in a given magnetic field, depending on how the field changed in the past. Plots of a single component of the moment often form a loop or hysteresis curve, where there are ...
The default definition of magnetic remanence is the magnetization remaining in zero field after a large magnetic field is applied (enough to achieve saturation). [1] The effect of a magnetic hysteresis loop is measured using instruments such as a vibrating sample magnetometer ; and the zero-field intercept is a measure of the remanence.
Calculated magnetization curve for a superconducting slab, based on Bean's model. The superconducting slab is initially at H = 0. Increasing H to critical field H* causes the blue curve; dropping H back to 0 and reversing direction to increase it to -H* causes the green curve; dropping H back to 0 again and increase H to H* causes the orange curve.
After this jump, the magnetization remains on the red curve until the field increases past h = 0.5, where it jumps to the blue curve. Usually only the hysteresis loop is plotted; the energy maxima are only of interest if the effect of thermal fluctuations is calculated. [1] The Stoner–Wohlfarth model is a classic example of magnetic hysteresis.
Rowland's ring (aka Rowland ring) is an experimental arrangement for the measurement of the hysteresis curve of a sample of magnetic material. It was developed by Henry Augustus Rowland.