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Micrograph showing hemosiderin-laden alveolar macrophages, as seen in a pulmonary hemorrhage. H&E stain. An alveolar macrophage, pulmonary macrophage, (or dust cell) is a type of macrophage, a professional phagocyte, found in the airways and at the level of the alveoli in the lungs, but separated from their walls. [1]
The short-term exposure attracts macrophages and neutrophils to the lung with a 4-fold increase in cellularity. [4] [2] Short duration also biases polarization towards M1 phenotype. The number of immune cells however will be normalized in 6 months, demonstrating the shift in signaling direction.
The cells are primarily monocytes and macrophages, and they accumulate in lymph nodes and the spleen. The Kupffer cells of the liver and tissue histiocytes are also part of the MPS. The mononuclear phagocyte system and the monocyte macrophage system refer to two different entities, often mistakenly understood as one.
Desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP) is a type of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia featuring elevated numbers of macrophages within the alveoli of the lung. [1] DIP is a chronic disorder with an insidious onset. Its common symptoms include shortness of breath, coughing, fever, weakness, weight loss, and fatigue.
Lipid-laden alveolar macrophages in a case of vaping-associated pulmonary injury.Left: Papanicolaou stain; right: Oil Red O stain. [1]Lipid-laden alveolar macrophages, also known as pulmonary foam cells, [2] are cells found in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens that consist of macrophages containing deposits of lipids (fats). [3]
They are also called pulmonary macrophages, and dust cells. Alveolar macrophages also play a crucial role in immune responses against viral pathogens in the lungs. [25] They secrete cytokines and chemokines, which recruit and activate other immune cells, initiate type I interferon signaling, and inhibit the nuclear export of viral genomes. [25]
A siderophage is a hemosiderin-containing macrophage. Heart failure cells are siderophages generated in the alveoli of the lungs of people with left heart failure or chronic pulmonary edema, when the high pulmonary blood pressure causes red blood cells to pass through the vascular wall. [1] Siderophages are not specific of heart failure.
Phagocytic cells (of the mononuclear phagocyte system) called macrophages engulf (phagocytose) the hemoglobin to degrade it, producing hemosiderin and biliverdin. Excessive systemic accumulations of hemosiderin may occur in macrophages in the liver, lungs, spleen, kidneys, lymph nodes, and bone marrow.