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Singularity is a free and open-source computer program that performs operating-system-level virtualization also known as containerization. [4]One of the main uses of Singularity is to bring containers and reproducibility to scientific computing and the high-performance computing (HPC) world.
In software engineering, containerization is operating-system–level virtualization or application-level virtualization over multiple network resources so that software applications can run in isolated user spaces called containers in any cloud or non-cloud environment, regardless of type or vendor. [1]
Container Linux provides no package manager as a way for distributing payload applications, requiring instead all applications to run inside their containers. Serving as a single control host, a Container Linux instance uses the underlying operating-system-level virtualization features of the Linux kernel to create and configure multiple containers that perform as isolated Linux systems.
A common value is /bin/sh, but some systems such as Solaris have the POSIX-compatible shell at /usr/xpg4/bin/sh. [13] In many Linux systems, /bin/sh is a hard or symbolic link to /bin/bash, the Bourne Again shell (BASH). Using bash-specific syntax while maintaining a shebang pointing to sh is also not portable. [14]
The main classes of Docker objects are images, containers, and services. [22] A Docker container is a standardized, encapsulated environment that runs applications. [25] A container is managed using the Docker API or CLI. [22] A Docker image is a read-only template used to build containers. Images are used to store and ship applications. [22] A ...
The Open Container Initiative (OCI) is a Linux Foundation project, started in June 2015 by Docker, CoreOS, and the maintainers of appc (short for "App Container") to design open standards for operating system-level virtualization .
Docker, Inc. is an American technology company that develops productivity tools built around Docker, which automates the deployment of code inside software containers. [1] [2] Major commercial products of the company are Docker Hub, a central repository of containers, and Docker Desktop, a GUI application for Windows and Mac to manage containers.
It is the open-source version of ChromeOS, a Linux distribution made by Google. ChromiumOS is based on the Linux kernel, like ChromeOS, but its principal user interface is the Chromium web browser rather than the Google Chrome browser. ChromiumOS also includes the Portage package manager, which was originally developed for Gentoo Linux. [4]