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Ethology is a branch of zoology that studies the behaviour of non-human animals. It has its scientific roots in the work of Charles Darwin and of American and German ornithologists of the late 19th and early 20th century, including Charles O. Whitman, Oskar Heinroth, and Wallace Craig.
Behavioral ecology, also spelled behavioural ecology, is the study of the evolutionary basis for animal behavior due to ecological pressures. Behavioral ecology emerged from ethology after Niko Tinbergen outlined four questions to address when studying animal behaviors: What are the proximate causes, ontogeny, survival value, and phylogeny of a behavior?
Studies in Animal and Human Behavior, Volume I (1970) Studies in Animal and Human Behavior, Volume II (1971) Motivation of Human and Animal Behavior: An Ethological View. With Paul Leyhausen (1973). New York: D. Van Nostrand Co. ISBN 0-442-24886-5; Behind the Mirror: A Search for a Natural History of Human Knowledge (1973) (Die Rückseite des ...
Ethology is the scientific and objective study of animal behavior under natural conditions, [38] as opposed to behaviorism, which focuses on behavioral response studies in a laboratory setting. Ethologists have been particularly concerned with the evolution of behavior and the understanding of behavior in terms of the theory of natural selection .
Animal behavior is the study of how animals interact with their environment, interact with each other socially, and how they may achieve understanding of their environment. [8] Animal behavior is examined with the framework of its development, mechanism, adaptive value, and evolution.
The systematic study of disordered animal behavior draws on research in comparative psychology, including the early work on conditioning and instrumental learning, but also on ethological studies of natural behavior. However, at least in the case of familiar domestic animals, it also draws on the accumulated experience of those who have worked ...
The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour (ASAB) is a British organization founded in 1936 to promote ethology and the study of animal behaviour. [1] ASAB holds conferences, [ 2 ] offers grants, [ 3 ] and publishes a peer-reviewed journal, Animal Behaviour , first published in 1953.
The mind and behavior of non-human animals has captivated the human imagination for centuries. Many writers, such as Descartes, have speculated about the presence or absence of the animal mind. [7] These speculations led to many observations of animal behavior before modern science and testing were available.