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The contribution of autochthonous North African populations in Carthaginian history is obscured by the use of terms like "Western Phoenicians", and even to an extent, "Punic", in the literature to refer to Carthaginians, as it implies a primarily colonial population and diminishes indigenous involvement in the Carthaginian Empire.
Hamilcar the Rhodian — possibly Carthaginian spy in the entourage of Alexander the Great, executed when returning to Carthage Hamilcar, son of Gisgo and grandson to Hanno the Great (d. 309 BC) — commander in the Third Sicilian War, captured during the Siege of Syracuse and then killed in 309 BC
Ancient Carthage (/ ˈ k ɑːr θ ɪ dʒ / KAR-thij; Punic: 𐤒𐤓𐤕𐤟𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕, lit. ' New City ') was an ancient Semitic civilisation based in North Africa. [3] Initially a settlement in present-day Tunisia, it later became a city-state, and then an empire.
An important source on the Carthaginian pantheon is a treaty between Hamilcar of Carthage and Philip III of Macedon preserved by the second-century BC Greek historian Polybius which lists the Carthaginian gods under Greek names, in a set of three triads.
The name Carthage (/ ˈ k ɑːr θ ɪ dʒ / KAR-thij) is the Early Modern anglicisation of Middle French Carthage /kartaʒə/, [12] from Latin Carthāgō and Karthāgō (cf. Greek Karkhēdōn (Καρχηδών) and Etruscan *Carθaza) from the Punic qrt-ḥdšt (𐤒𐤓𐤕 𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕 ) "new city", [b] implying it was a "new Tyre". [14]
Many names in Carthage reflected this importance of Melqart, for example, the names Hamilcar and Bomilcar; but Ba‘l "Lord" as a name-element in Carthaginian names such as Hasdrubal and Hannibal almost certainly does not refer to Melqart but instead refers to Ba`al Hammon, chief god of Carthage, a god identified by Greeks with Cronus and by ...
Hannibal was a common Semitic Phoenician-Carthaginian personal name. It is recorded in Carthaginian sources as ḤNBʿL [ 2 ] ( Punic : 𐤇𐤍𐤁𐤏𐤋 ). It is a combination of the common Phoenician masculine given name Hanno with the Northwest Semitic Canaanite deity Baal (lit, "lord") a major god of the Carthaginians ancestral homeland ...
Birth registrations were also used to determine if a family had at least 3 children, and was therefore eligible for privileges under the lex Papia Poppaea. This law was designed to encourage families to procreate and increase birth rates. [9] Completing birth registrations in Roman society were not compulsory.