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Periapical is defined as "the tissues surrounding the apex of the root of a tooth" and a cyst is "a pathological cavity lined by epithelium, having fluid or gaseous content that is not created by the accumulation of pus."
On radiographs, the adenomatoid odontogenic tumor presents as a radiolucency (dark area) around an unerupted tooth extending past the cementoenamel junction. It should be differentially diagnosed from a dentigerous cyst and the main difference is that the radiolucency in case of AOT extends apically beyond the cementoenamel junction.
Periapical COD occurs most commonly in the mandibular anterior teeth while focal COD appears predominantly in the mandibular posterior teeth. Florid COD is an extensive variant of periapical COD where lesions occur in multiple quadrants which can encompass the maxilla and mandible, and infrequently can cause jawbone deformity.
Periapical radiograph showing peri-radicular radiolucency and bone loss caused by an odontogenic infection under the roots of two anterior teeth in a 30-year-old patient. An odontogenic infection is an infection that originates within a tooth or in the closely surrounding tissues. [1]
Periapical granuloma, [1] also sometimes referred to as a radicular granuloma or apical granuloma, is an inflammation at the tip of a dead (nonvital) tooth. It is a lesion or mass that typically starts out as an epithelial lined cyst, and undergoes an inward curvature that results in inflammation of granulation tissue at the root tips of a dead tooth.
It exhibits as an "inverted pear-shaped radiolucency" on radiographs, or X-ray films. The globulomaxillary cyst often causes the roots of adjacent teeth to diverge. This cyst should not be confused with a nasopalatine cyst. The developmental origin has been disputed.
Defects of the anterior lingual mandible may require biopsy for correct diagnosis at this unusual location. [5] The radiolucent defect here may be superimposed on the lower anterior teeth and be mistaken for an odontogenic lesion. Sometimes the defect may interrupt the contour of the lower border of the mandible, and may be palpable.
The diagnosis of pulp necrosis can be based on the following observations: negative vitality, a periapical radiolucency, a grey tooth discoloration and even peri-apical lesions. [17] This altered translucency in the tooth is due to disruption and cutting off of the apical neurovascular blood supply. [18]
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