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A nitrenium ion (also called: aminylium ion or imidonium ion (obsolete)) in organic chemistry is a reactive intermediate based on nitrogen with both an electron lone pair and a positive charge and with two substituents (R 2 N +). [1] [2] Nitrenium ions are isoelectronic with carbenes, and can exist in either a singlet or a triplet state.
An auxochrome is a functional group of atoms with one or more lone pairs of electrons when attached to a chromophore, alters both the wavelength and intensity of absorption. If these groups are in direct conjugation with the pi -system of the chromophore, they may increase the wavelength at which the light is absorbed and as a result intensify ...
NH2 or similar may refer to: Azanide (chemical formula NH − 2) Amino radical (chemical formula NH • 2) Nitrenium ion (chemical formula NH + 2) Primary amide group (chemical formula -NH 2) National Harbor–Alexandria Line (Route NH2), a WMATA bus line between Alexandria, Virginia and Prince George's County, Maryland; National Highway 2 (India)
Electrostatic potential map of a water molecule, where the oxygen atom has a more negative charge (red) than the positive (blue) hydrogen atoms. Electronegativity, symbolized as χ, is the tendency for an atom of a given chemical element to attract shared electrons (or electron density) when forming a chemical bond. [1]
These IVAP defects consist of a dangling bond containing two electrons (D −) and a dangling bond containing no electrons (D +). When one of these pairs is illuminated, it can capture an electron or an electron hole resulting in the following reactions: [1] D + D − + e − → D 0 D −. D + D − + h + → D + D 0. Here, D 0 is an uncharged ...
in nuclear reactions) is a subatomic particle with a negative one elementary electric charge. [13] Electrons belong to the first generation of the lepton particle family, [14] and are generally thought to be elementary particles because they have no known components or substructure. [1] The electron's mass is approximately 1 / 1836 that ...
If the electronegative atom (missing an electron, thus having a positive charge) is then joined to a chain of atoms, typically carbon, the positive charge is relayed to the other atoms in the chain. This is the electron-withdrawing inductive effect, also known as the -I effect. In short, alkyl groups tend to donate electrons, leading to the +I ...
The amino radical has two characteristic electronic states: The more stable electronic state is 2 B 1, where the unpaired electron is in the p-orbital perpendicular to the plane of the molecule (π type radical). The high energy electronic state, 2 A 1, has the two electrons in the p-orbital and the unpaired electron in the sp 2 orbital (σ ...