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Cahuilla / k ə ˈ w iː ə /, or Ivilyuat (Ɂívil̃uɂat or Ivil̃uɂat IPA: [ʔivɪʎʊʔat]), is an endangered Uto-Aztecan language, spoken by the various tribes of the Cahuilla Nation, living in the Coachella Valley, San Gorgonio Pass and San Jacinto Mountains region of southern California. [3]
It is critically endangered, since most speakers are middle-aged or older. In their language, their autonym is ʔívil̃uqaletem, and the name of their language is ʔívil̃uʔat , but they also call themselves táxliswet, meaning "person". [4] Cahuilla is an exonym applied to the group after mission secularization in the Ranchos of California.
The Cahuilla Band's language is derived from the Uto-Aztecan language. [15] According to a 1990 census, only around 35 speakers of the original language remained at the time. [ 16 ] Now, the tribe's people pass down their language and culture through various songs, games, and stories. [ 17 ]
Agua Caliente is one of three reservations where speakers of the "Pass" dialect of the Cahuilla were located, the other two being the Morongo Indian Reservation and Augustine Indian Reservation. Pass Cahuilla is a dialect of Cahuilla found within the Cupan branch of Takic languages, part of the Uto-Aztecan language family.
The Uto-Aztecan language family is one of the largest linguistic families in the Americas in terms of number of speakers, number of languages, and geographic extension. [2] The northernmost Uto-Aztecan language is Shoshoni , which is spoken as far north as Salmon, Idaho , while the southernmost is the Nawat language of El Salvador and Nicaragua .
Cahuilla traditional narratives include myths, legends, tales, and oral histories preserved by the Cahuilla people of the Colorado Desert and Peninsular Ranges of southern California. Cahuilla oral literature has much in common with the traditions of the other Takic-speaking groups of southern California and with the Yumans of southern ...
Katherine Siva Saubel (née Siva; March 7, 1920 [2] – November 1, 2011 [3]) was a Native American scholar, educator, tribal leader, author, and activist committed to preserving her Cahuilla history, culture and language.
The Cupeño language belongs to the Cupan group, which includes the Cahuilla and Luiseño languages. This grouping is of the Takic branch within the Uto-Aztecan family of languages. [2] Roscinda Nolásquez (1892–1987), of Mexican Yaqui descent, is considered the last truly fluent Cupeño speaker. [19] The language today is widely regarded as ...