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Grading in education is the application of standardized measurements to evaluate different levels of student achievement in a course. Grades can be expressed as letters (usually A to F), as a range (for example, 1 to 6), percentages, or as numbers out of a possible total (often out of 100).
For example, daily homework may be counted as 50% of the final grade, chapter quizzes may count for 20%, the comprehensive final exam may count for 20%, [1] and a major project may count for the remaining 10%. Each are created to evaluate the students' understanding of the material and of their complex understanding of the course material.
In a handful of states, GPA scales can go above 4.0. The percentage needed in any given course to achieve a certain grade and the assignment of GPA point values varies from school to school, and sometimes between instructors within a given school. The most common grading scales for normal courses and honors/Advanced Placement courses are as ...
Then, 100 becomes the highest score, and 60 the minimum passing score. Depending on the school, the official certificate may use the range 0–100, or these may be converted back to the range 0–10, allowing for some rounding and truncation. Although the grades 0–59 are normally given in class or tests, they are not reported as such in ...
The first four steps in the procedure concern all programmes and are administrative tasks. The academic responsible for credit transfer may get involved in step 5 when general guidelines for the conversion of grades are being established. The new ECTS grading table provides information to compare different grading systems and cultures.
In recent years, the French government began to explore possible conversion of the 0–20 grading scale to 0–4 or 0–5. [14] [15] Since 2008, the College Gabriel-Séailles, a middle school in southern France, has abolished grading altogether. [16] Primary schools generally use a 10-point grading scale or a letter grade. [citation needed]
Some US universities also provide guidance for converting different grading systems into 4.0 scale grading. For example, UC Berkeley has a GPA Conversion chart for non-US grading systems. [4] The lower grade ranges in 0-100 scale are given higher grades than usual in 4.0 scale for Chinese grading systems.
Usually in higher level education such as university degrees, 80% of the passing grades are in the 4.5 – 5.4 range and a grade exceeding 5.0 is normally considered "good". While in the U.S. highly competitive students have A grades, in Chile these same students tend to average 6,8, 6,9 or 7,0, all of which are considered near perfect grades.