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Map of the Dzungar Khanate in the 17th century. In 1643, the Battle of Orbulaq took place in the gorge of the Orbulaq River, in which 600–800 Kazakh warriors led by Jangir Khan with the support of 15,000 to 20,000 soldiers, aided by the Emir of Samarkand Jalantos Bahadur, who was from the Kazakh clan of Tortkara, successfully defeated Dzungars (2000-15.000).
The Dzungar Khanate, also written as the Zunghar Khanate or Junggar Khanate, was an Inner Asian khanate of Oirat Mongol origin. At its greatest extent, it covered an area from southern Siberia in the north to present-day Kyrgyzstan in the south, and from the Great Wall of China in the east to present-day Kazakhstan in the west.
The windswept valley of the Dzungarian Gate, 6 mi (10 km) wide at its narrowest, is located between Lake Alakol to the northwest, part of the Balkhash-Alakol Basin in Kazakhstan, and Ebinur Lake (Chinese: 艾 比 湖; pinyin: Àibǐ Hú) to the southeast in China. [11]
From 16th to 17th century, the Kazakh Khanate ruled and expanded its territories to eastern Cumania (modern-day West Kazakhstan), to most of Uzbekistan, Karakalpakstan and the Syr Darya river with military confrontation as far as Astrakhan and Khorasan Province. The Khanate was later weakened by a series of Oirat and Dzungar invasions.
Dzungaria is named after the Dzungar Khanate that existed in Central Asia during the 17th and 18th centuries. Dzungaria, or Zungharia, derives from the name of the Dzungar people, which comes from the Mongolian term Zűn Gar, or Jüün Gar (depending on the Mongolian dialect used). Zűn (or Jüün) means 'left' and Gar means 'hand'.
Stamp from Kazakhstan depicting Abul Khair Khan. The Kazakh Khanate (Kazakh: قزاق خاندیغی, Қазақ Хандығы, Qazaq Handyğy), in eastern sources known as Ulus of the Kazakhs, Ulus of Jochi, Yurt of Urus, [1] was a Kazakh state in Central Asia, successor of the Golden Horde existing from the 15th to the 19th century, centered on the eastern parts of the Desht-i Qipchaq.
The area is often visited by climbers for alpine-style climbing. The area currently consists of approximately 4600 meters on relatively unexplored mountains. At the eastern end of the chain, near the China–Kazakhstan border, lies the Dzungarian Gate, a pass which for centuries was used as an invasion route by conquerors from Central Asia. [9]
In the mid 6th century, the Turkic nomads subordinated Jetisu, Central Kazakhstan, and Khorezm. [15] Semirechye Oblast in 1900 A 1903 map in Polish showing the Semirjeczeńsk region. The map also shows a much smaller historical area labeled Siedmiorzecze southeast of Lake Balkhash. The area belonged to Dzungar Khanate in the 17th