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Presently there are over 300 algal taxa identified on Antarctica, with Bacillariophyceae and Chlorophyta (Green algae) being the most widespread on Antarctica. [8] Diatoms are abundant in aquatic environments decreasing in number in terrestrial habitats. [8]
There are many variations of crustose, including Crustose Coralline Algae (CCA), found in three different habitats; flat, crest and slope reef. [8] CCA are highly dependent on sunlight to grow in abundance, and their growth increases productivity. CCA acts as the main food source for certain fish including parrotfish and Scarus trispinosus. [9]
The largest marine algae are kelp species, which include bull kelp (Durvillaea antarctica), which can reach over 20 metres (66 ft) long and is thought to be the strongest kelp in the world. As many as 47 individual plants can live on 1 square metre (10.8 sq ft), and they can grow at 60 centimetres (24 in) a day.
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Arctic and Antarctic marine systems have very different topographical structures and as a consequence have very different food web structures. [121] Both Arctic and Antarctic pelagic food webs have characteristic energy flows controlled largely by a few key species. But there is no single generic web for either.
Placopsis antarctica is a crust-like lichen that grows tightly attached to rock surfaces, forming circular patches (known as thalli) that typically measure 1–3 cm (3 ⁄ 8 – 1 + 3 ⁄ 16 in) across, though they can occasionally reach up to 6 cm (2 + 3 ⁄ 8 in) in diameter. The edges of these patches have neat, fan-like folds and can appear ...
Prasiola is a genus of macroscopic green algae, found in a variety of habitats ranging from terrestrial, freshwater, to marine.The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, ranging from the Arctic to the Antarctic.
Phaeocystis is a genus of algae belonging to the Prymnesiophyte class and to the larger division of Haptophyta. [1] It is a widespread marine phytoplankton and can function at a wide range of temperatures (eurythermal) and salinities . [2] Members of this genus live in the open ocean, as well as in sea ice. [3]