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In mathematics, an unordered pair or pair set is a set of the form {a, b}, i.e. a set having two elements a and b with no particular relation between them, where {a, b} = {b, a}. In contrast, an ordered pair (a, b) has a as its first element and b as its second element, which means (a, b) ≠ (b, a).
A graph with three vertices and three edges. A graph (sometimes called an undirected graph to distinguish it from a directed graph, or a simple graph to distinguish it from a multigraph) [4] [5] is a pair G = (V, E), where V is a set whose elements are called vertices (singular: vertex), and E is a set of unordered pairs {,} of vertices, whose elements are called edges (sometimes links or lines).
A graph with 6 vertices and 7 edges where the vertex number 6 on the far-left is a leaf vertex or a pendant vertex. In discrete mathematics, and more specifically in graph theory, a vertex (plural vertices) or node is the fundamental unit of which graphs are formed: an undirected graph consists of a set of vertices and a set of edges (unordered pairs of vertices), while a directed graph ...
The points of the Cremona–Richmond configuration may be identified with the = unordered pairs of elements of a six-element set; these pairs are called duads.Similarly, the lines of the configuration may be identified with the 15 ways of partitioning the same six elements into three pairs; these partitions are called synthemes.
2. A Kuratowski ordered pair is a definition of an ordered pair using only set theoretical concepts, specifically, the ordered pair (a, b) is defined as the set {{a}, {a, b}}. 3. "Kuratowski-Zorn lemma" is an alternative name for Zorn's lemma Kurepa 1. Đuro Kurepa 2. The Kurepa hypothesis states that Kurepa trees exist 3.
A drawing of a graph with 6 vertices and 7 edges. In mathematics and computer science, graph theory is the study of graphs, which are mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects.
The graph shown has one maximum clique, the triangle {1,2,5}, and four more maximal cliques, the pairs {2,3}, {3,4}, {4,5}, and {4,6}. An undirected graph is formed by a finite set of vertices and a set of unordered pairs of vertices, which are called edges.
r : E → {{x,y} : x, y ∈ V}, assigning to each edge an unordered pair of endpoint nodes. Some authors allow multigraphs to have loops , that is, an edge that connects a vertex to itself, [ 2 ] while others call these pseudographs , reserving the term multigraph for the case with no loops.