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The majority of swallowtail species and the greatest diversity are found in the tropics and subtropical regions between 20°N and 20°S, [5] particularly Southeast Asia, and between 20°N and 40°N in East Asia. Only 12 species are found in Europe and only one species, Papilio machaon is found in the British Isles. [12]
Papilio polyxenes, the (eastern) black swallowtail, American swallowtail or parsnip swallowtail, [4] is a butterfly found throughout much of North America. An extremely similar-appearing species, Papilio joanae , occurs in the Ozark Mountains region, but it appears to be closely related to Papilio machaon , rather than P. polyxenes .
The eastern giant swallowtail (Papilio cresphontes) is the largest butterfly in North America. [2] It is abundant through many parts of eastern North America; populations from western North America and down into Panama are now (as of 2014) considered to belong to a different species, Papilio rumiko . [ 3 ]
The caterpillar grows to around 5 cm in length before forming a chrysalis, which is brown or green and about 3 cm long. [4] The anise swallowtail pupa looks like a thick branch coming off of the larval host plant. The top of the pupa extends slightly from the plant, held by strong silk. This is where the adult butterfly emerges. [citation needed]
The pipevine swallowtail larva has few natural predators but there have been observed cases of other butterfly larvae feeding on swallowtail larva. Parasites can also threaten larvae, with certain fly and wasp species being the most dangerous. Birds are the greatest threat to larvae, as many species will eat them whenever they can. As a result ...
The caterpillar is morphologically very similar to the black swallowtail caterpillar. The two species may be more easily distinguished by the habitat and host plants upon which the caterpillar feeds, as these differ. [5] There are two broods per year. [3]
Black swallowtail, Papilio polyxenes, chrysalis Swallowtails are the largest butterflies.They range in size from 2.5–6.4 inches (6.5–16.5 cm). There are about 600 species worldwide with about 31 species in North America.
Papilio xuthus is a member of the genus Papilio.It is of the family Papilionidae and order Lepidoptera. [9] It was first introduced in Hawaii in 1971 from Japan or Guam. [10] P. xuthus makes significant seasonal migrations over 200 km. [11] There are three subspecies of P. xuthus: Papilio xuthus xuthus, Papilio xuthus koxinga, [12] and Papilio xuthus neoxuthus.