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Human serum albumin is the serum albumin found in human blood. It is the most abundant protein in human blood plasma; it constitutes about half of serum protein.
Serum albumin, often referred to simply as blood albumin, is an albumin (a type of globular protein) found in vertebrate blood. Human serum albumin is encoded by the ALB gene . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Other mammalian forms, such as bovine serum albumin , are chemically similar.
The 3D structure of human serum albumin has been determined by X-ray crystallography to a resolution of 2.5 ångströms (250 pm). [1] Albumin is a 65–70 kDa protein. Albumin comprises three homologous domains that assemble to form a heart-shaped protein. [2] Each domain is a product of two subdomains that possess common structural motifs. [2]
Contrary to popular belief, haemoglobin is not a blood protein, as it is carried within red blood cells, rather than in the blood serum. Serum albumin accounts for 55% of blood proteins, [1] is a major contributor to maintaining the oncotic pressure of plasma and assists, as a carrier, in the transport of lipids and steroid hormones.
Plasma and serum are both derived from full blood, but serum is obtained by removing blood cells, fibrin clots, and other coagulation factors while plasma is obtained by only removing blood cells [22]. Blood plasma and blood serum are often used in blood tests. Tests can be done on plasma, serum or both. [23]
Albumin is commonly used to replenish and maintain blood volume after traumatic injury, during surgery, and during plasma exchange. [3] Since albumin is the most abundant protein in the plasma its use may be the most well known, but many other proteins, although present in low concentrations, can have important clinical uses. [1] See table ...
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Serum (/ ˈ s ɪər ə m /) is the fluid and solvent component of blood which does not play a role in clotting. [1] It may be defined as blood plasma without the clotting factors , or as blood with all cells and clotting factors removed.
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