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Many Native American tribes continue to employ blood quantum in current tribal laws to determine who is eligible for membership or citizenship in the tribe or Native American nation. These often require a minimum degree of blood relationship and often an ancestor listed in a specific tribal census from the late 19th century or early 20th century.
A Certificate of Degree of Indian Blood or Certificate of Degree of Alaska Native Blood (both abbreviated CDIB) is an official U.S. document that certifies an individual possesses a specific fraction of Native American ancestry of a federally recognized Indian tribe, band, nation, pueblo, village, or community. [1]
Tribal constitutions outline criteria for citizenship which can include minimum blood quantum requirements, residency, lineal descendant, or other criteria. [11] Many tribes who formed governments under the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 have minimum blood quantum requirements. [ 11 ]
The tribe is governed by a democratically elected, six-person tribal council under its constitution. Tribal enrollment as a member requires a one-half degree Shoshone blood quantum (equivalent to one parent), among the highest blood quantum requirements of any tribe. [4]
The story of Dr. Lillie Rosa Minoka-Hill illustrates one of the issues of using blood ancestry to determine tribal membership. When it comes to blood quantum, celebrated Oneida doctor wouldn’t ...
Some tribes have a blood quantum requirement for citizenship. Others use other methods, such as lineal descent.While almost two-thirds of all federally recognized Indian tribes in the United States require a certain blood quantum for citizenship, [15] tribal nations are sovereign nations, with a government to government relationship with the United States, and set their own enrollment criteria.
The tribe requires citizens to have a documented blood quantum of at least one-quarter Seminole ancestry. [24] The Seminole Nation of Oklahoma uses the Dawes Rolls to determine tribal citizenship. [ 25 ]
Besides being of direct Mvskoke Creek heritage, they must have a minimum blood quantum of 1/4 American Indian blood (equivalent to one full-blooded Creek grandparent) and not be enrolled in any other tribe. There are two distinctions of membership, including tribal enrolled membership and enrolled descendant membership that extends to first ...