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Beta cells (β-cells) are specialized endocrine cells located within the pancreatic islets of Langerhans responsible for the production and release of insulin and amylin. [1] Constituting ~50–70% of cells in human islets, beta cells play a vital role in maintaining blood glucose levels. [2] Problems with beta cells can lead to disorders such ...
Pancreatic beta cell function (synonyms G β or, if calculated from fasting concentrations of insulin and glucose, HOMA-Beta or SPINA-GBeta) is one of the preconditions of euglycaemia, i.e. normal blood sugar regulation. It is defined as insulin secretory capacity, i.e. the maximum amount of insulin to be produced by beta cells in a given unit ...
It has also been demonstrated that alpha cells can spontaneously switch fate and transdifferentiate into beta cells in both healthy and diabetic human and mouse pancreatic islets, a possible future source for beta cell regeneration. [29] In fact, it has been found that islet morphology and endocrine differentiation are directly related. [30]
Beta cell; PP cell (F cell, gamma cell) Delta cell; Epsilon cell; Pharyngeal pouch. Thyroid gland Follicular cell; Parafollicular cell [3] Parathyroid gland.
Insulin is a peptide hormone containing two chains cross-linked by disulfide bridges. Insulin (/ ˈ ɪ n. sj ʊ. l ɪ n /, [5] [6] from Latin insula, 'island') is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets encoded in humans by the insulin (INS) gene.
Neuroendocrine cells of the pancreas, gut, and brain share some common aspects of glucokinase production, regulation, and function. [30] These tissues are collectively referred to as "neuroendocrine" cells in this context. Beta cells and alpha cells of the pancreatic islets. Beta cells release insulin in response to rising levels of glucose ...
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B-cell may refer to : B cells, lymphocytes that mature in bone; Beta cells (β cells), in the pancreatic islets that produce insulin