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An eruption column or eruption plume is a cloud of super-heated ash and tephra suspended in gases emitted during an explosive volcanic eruption. The volcanic materials form a vertical column or plume that may rise many kilometers into the air above the vent of the volcano.
There are many instances of damage to jet aircraft as a result of an ash encounter. On 24 June 1982, a British Airways Boeing 747-236B flew through the ash cloud from the eruption of Mount Galunggung, Indonesia resulting in the failure of all four engines. The plane descended 24,000 feet (7,300 m) in 16 minutes before the engines restarted ...
Phreatic eruptions (or steam-blast eruptions) are a type of eruption driven by the expansion of steam. When cold ground or surface water come into contact with hot rock or magma it superheats and explodes , fracturing the surrounding rock [ 63 ] and thrusting out a mixture of steam, water , ash , volcanic bombs , and volcanic blocks . [ 64 ]
Mount Ruang spewed lava and and ash on April 17, seen from Sitaro, North Sulawesi. It also triggered lightning in the ash cloud -- a common phenomenon in powerful volcano eruptions.
A thick ash cloud was seen towering above Italy’s Stromboli volcano on December 5 as the eruption continued.Footage recorded by Angelo Gitto shows emissions spiraling into the sky, as lava glows ...
More photos from various days since the eruption show the ash cloud in great detail, looming over villages. According to BNPB, 11,553 citizens have evacuated due to the eruptions.
A Vulcanian eruption is a type of volcanic eruption characterized by a dense cloud of ash-laden gas exploding from the crater and rising high above the peak. They usually commence with phreatomagmatic eruptions which can be extremely noisy due to the rising magma heating water in the ground. This is usually followed by the explosive clearing of ...
A pyroclastic surge is a fluidised mass of turbulent gas and rock fragments that is ejected during some volcanic eruptions.It is similar to a pyroclastic flow but it has a lower density or contains a much higher ratio of gas to rock, [1] which makes it more turbulent and allows it to rise over ridges and hills rather than always travel downhill as pyroclastic flows do.