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In a volcanic eruption, lava, volcanic bombs, ash, and various gases are expelled from a volcanic vent and fissure. While many eruptions only pose dangers to the immediately surrounding area, Earth's largest eruptions can have a major regional or even global impact, with some affecting the climate and contributing to mass extinctions.
eruption episode L 7 Phlegraean Fields: Campanian volcanic arc: Unknown 15.7 5 Mount Vesuvius Campanian volcanic arc 1.3 19.3 Green Pumice: 7 Long Island, PNG Bismarck Volcanic Arc 100 19.3 Kiau Ignimbrite 7 Zavaritzki Caldera: Simushir, Kuril Islands: 200 20 6 Rabaul: Bismarck Volcanic Arc >10 21 Kulau Ignimbrite 6 Menengai
The eruption caused a volcanic winter. During the Northern Hemisphere summer of 1816, global temperatures cooled by 0.53 °C (0.95 °F). This cooling directly or indirectly caused 90,000 deaths. The eruption of Mount Tambora was the largest cause of this climate anomaly. [22]
On June 15, 1991, a rumbling Mount Pinatubo grew and grew until it exploded in the biggest volcanic eruption on Earth in 100 years. Super-pressurized, gas-charged magma burst through and a cloud ...
The volcanic island of Anak Krakatau in Indonesia saw an eruption on 22 December 2018 which caused a deadly tsunami, with waves surging up to five meters in height. The tsunami killed at least 437 ...
By contrast, the most powerful human-made explosive device ever detonated, the Tsar Bomba, had a yield of 50 megatons, whereas the eruption at La Garita was about 5,000 times more energetic. [8] The Fish Canyon eruption was the second most energetic event to have occurred on Earth since the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event 66 million ...
Many think of Mt. St. Helens as one of the larger volcano eruptions, but they can get much bigger. Here's how the largest volcanoes measure up.
Dieng Volcanic Complex: 1 Indonesia: 1979 1979 eruption of Sinila crater [28] 144 Mount Tokachi: 3 Japan: 1926 [29] [better source needed] 117 Dieng Volcanic Complex: 2 Indonesia: 1944 [30] 114 Dieng Volcanic Complex: 1 Indonesia: 1964 [30] 108 to 120 Mount Tarawera: 5 New Zealand: 1886 1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera: 106 Dubbi: 3 Eritrea ...