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Moral affect is “emotion related to matters of right and wrong”. Such emotion includes shame, guilt, embarrassment, and pride; shame is correlated with the disapproval by one's peers, guilt is correlated with the disapproval of oneself, embarrassment is feeling disgraced while in the public eye, and pride is a feeling generally brought about by a positive opinion of oneself when admired by ...
Intellectual honesty has been described as part of integrity in scientific research and includes: ensuring precision in depicting one's contributions to research proposals and reports upholding impartiality in the process of peer review; fostering a collaborative and supportive atmosphere in scientific interactions, encompassing communication ...
Utilitarian Jeremy Bentham discussed some of the ways moral investigations are a science. [9] He criticized deontological ethics for failing to recognize that it needed to make the same presumptions as his science of morality to really work – whilst pursuing rules that were to be obeyed in every situation (something that worried Bentham).
Today, moral psychology is a thriving area of research spanning many disciplines, [9] with major bodies of research on the biological, [10] [11] cognitive/computational [12] [13] [14] and cultural [15] [16] basis of moral judgment and behavior, and a growing body of research on moral judgment in the context of artificial intelligence. [17] [18]
According to moral foundations theory, differences in people's moral concerns can be described in terms of five moral foundations: an individualizing cluster of Care and Fairness, and the group-focused binding cluster of Loyalty, Authority and Sanctity.
Jean Piaget developed two phases of moral development, one common among children and the other common among adults. The first is known as the Heteronomous Phase. [7] This phase, more common among children, is characterized by the idea that rules come from authority figures in one's life such as parents, teachers, and God. [7]
Over time, as society developed and became more complex, researchers in various fields began to study the psychological bases of ethical behavior. For example, Aristotle asserts in Book II of the Nicomachean Ethics, the man who possesses character excellence will tend to do the right thing, at the right time, and in the right way. Behavioral ...
In 1982 Campbell & Bond proposed the following as major sources in influencing character and moral development: heredity, early childhood experience, modeling by important adults and older youth, peer influence, the general physical and social environment, the communications media, the teachings of schools and other institutions, and specific ...