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Ferdinand VII (Spanish: Fernando VII; 14 October 1784 – 29 September 1833) was King of Spain during the early 19th century. He reigned briefly in 1808 and then again from 1813 to his death in 1833. Before 1813 he was known as el Deseado (the Desired), and after, as el Rey Felón (the Criminal King).
The Spanish reconquest of New Granada in 1815–1816 was part of the Spanish American wars of independence in South America and Colombian War of Independence.Shortly after the Napoleonic Wars ended, Ferdinand VII, recently restored to the throne in Spain, decided to send military forces to retake most of the northern South American colonies, which had established autonomous juntas and ...
On 11 December 1831, following direct orders from Ferdinand VII and without any sort of trial, José María Torrijos was executed on the beach of Málaga, together with other companions (such as Manuel Flores Calderón and Francisco Fernández Golfín), including both military and civilians. [2] The painting depicts the scene.
The "Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis" was the popular name for a French army mobilized in 1823 by the Bourbon King of France, Louis XVIII, to help the Spanish Bourbon royalists restore King Ferdinand VII of Spain to the absolute power of which he had been deprived during the Liberal Triennium. Despite the name, the actual number of troops ...
Ferdinand VII greets the Duke of Angoulême having been freed from the control of the Liberal government in Cadiz. The Holy Alliance (Russia, Austria and Prussia ) refused Ferdinand's request for help, but the Quintuple Alliance ( United Kingdom , France, Russia, Prussia and Austria ), at the Congress of Verona in October 1822, gave France a ...
The restoration of Ferdinand VII signified an important change, since most of the political and legal changes done on both sides of the Atlantic—the myriad of juntas, the Cortes in Spain, and several of the congresses in the Americas that evolved out of the juntas, and the many constitutions and new legal codes—had been done in his name.
On 10 August 1815, King Ferdinand VII of Spain approved a real cédula de gracia (royal decree of graces), which granted Puerto Rico the right to have commercial ties with countries which were in good standing with Spain. It also granted free land to many settlers, as well as incentives for investing money and providing technology for ...
Ferdinand VII had become king after the victorious end of the Peninsular War, by which Spain defeated Napoleonic France.He returned to Spain on 24 March 1814 and his first act was the abolition of the 1812 liberal constitution; this was followed by the dissolution of the two chambers of the Spanish Parliament on 10 May.