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The past is the set of all events that occurred before a given point in time. [1] The past is contrasted with and defined by the present and the future . The concept of the past is derived from the linear fashion in which human observers experience time , and is accessed through memory and recollection .
Always-already is a philosophical term regarding the perception of phenomena by the mind of an observer. The features of a phenomenon that seem to precede any ...
Christians disagree over whether the Tribulation will be a relatively short period of great hardship before the end of the world and Second Coming of Christ (a school of thought sometimes called "futurism"); or has already occurred, having happened in AD 70 when Roman legions laid siege to Jerusalem and destroyed its temple (sometimes called preterism); or began in 538 AD when papal Rome came ...
In economics and business decision-making, a sunk cost (also known as retrospective cost) is a cost that has already been incurred and cannot be recovered. [1] [2] Sunk costs are contrasted with prospective costs, which are future costs that may be avoided if action is taken. [3]
After an event has occurred, people often believe that they could have predicted or perhaps even known with a high degree of certainty what the outcome of the event would be before it occurred. Hindsight bias may cause distortions of memories of what was known or believed before an event occurred and is a significant source of overconfidence in ...
The English word, as a synonym for alternate history, has been applied for example to novels like Philip K. Dick's The Man in the High Castle [7] and Philip Roth's The Plot Against America. [8] However, another developing definition of uchronia is a larger umbrella category of fiction that encompasses alternate history, parallel universes , and ...
Secondary phenomenon that occurs alongside or in parallel to a primary phenomenon An epiphenomenon (plural: epiphenomena) is a secondary phenomenon that occurs alongside or in parallel to a primary phenomenon. The word has two senses: one that connotes known causation and one that connotes absence of causation or reservation of judgment about it. Examples Metaphysics In the philosophy of ...
In literary and historical analysis, presentism is a term for the introduction of present-day ideas and perspectives into depictions or interpretations of the past. Some modern historians seek to avoid presentism in their work because they consider it a form of cultural bias, and believe it creates a distorted understanding of their subject matter. [1]