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The individual knows what they want to say, but their brain has difficulty coordinating the muscle movements necessary to say those words. [2] The exact cause of this disorder is usually unknown. [1] Many observations suggest a genetic cause of DVD, as many with the disorder have a family history of communication disorders.
A late talker is a toddler experiencing late language emergence (LLE), [2] [3] which can also be an early or secondary sign of an autism spectrum disorder, or other neurodevelopmental disorders such as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, intellectual disability, learning disability, social communication disorder, or specific language impairment.
Expressive language skills are assessed based upon the behavioral analysis of language as presented by B.F. Skinner in his book Verbal Behavior (1957). The task items within each skill area are arranged from simpler to more complex tasks.
Hyperlexia is a syndrome characterized by a child's precocious ability to read.It was initially identified by Norman E. Silberberg and Margaret C. Silberberg (1967), who defined it as the precocious ability to read words without prior training in learning to read, typically before the age of five.
Dyslexia is a common language-based learning disability. Dyslexia can affect reading fluency, decoding, reading comprehension, recall, writing, spelling, and sometimes speech and can exist along with other related disorders. [15] The greatest difficult those with the disorder have is with spoken and the written word.
It is a common feature in developmental language disorders (DLD), where children may struggle to recall words accurately and fluently during conversation or expressive tasks. [20] This difficulty in word retrieval can impact various aspects of language functioning, including expressive vocabulary, narrative coherence, and social communication. [21]
How can disruptive behaviors of typical development in infants and children be distinguished from disordered behaviors that leads to a typical development? Should Excessive Crying Disorder be considered a functional regulatory disorder? Other functional regulatory disorders include Sleeping Behavior and Feeding Behavior Disorders.
Echolalia is a form of imitation. Imitation is a useful, normal and necessary component of social learning: imitative learning occurs when the "observer acquires new behaviors through imitation" and mimicry or automatic imitation occurs when a "reenacted behavior is based on previously acquired motor (or vocal) patterns". [1]