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The urine concentrations of sodium, chlorine and potassium may be used to investigate conditions such as abnormal blood electrolyte levels, acute kidney injury, metabolic alkalosis and hypovolemia. [1][2][3] Other electrolytes that can be measured in urine are calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. [4] Target. Lower limit.
Hyperchloremia. Hyperchloremia is an electrolyte disturbance in which there is an elevated level of chloride ions in the blood. [1] The normal serum range for chloride is 96 to 106 mEq/L, [2] therefore chloride levels at or above 110 mEq/L usually indicate kidney dysfunction as it is a regulator of chloride concentration. [3]
Urinalysis is one of the most commonly performed medical laboratory tests. [12] It is frequently used to help diagnose urinary tract infections [13] and to investigate other issues with the urinary system, such as incontinence. [14] It may be used to screen for diseases as part of a medical assessment.
Urine sodium is a measurement of the concentration of sodium in the urine. It is a test ordered to distinguish between forms of renal failure and to classify the severity of hyponatremia. [1] The urine sodium is expressed as a concentration (such as millimoles per liter). The result must therefore be interpreted in the context of the degree of ...
While you should absolutely use the restroom whenever you feel the urge to pee, there’s one habit that urogynecologists wish more women 50 and older would do that can help improve their urinary ...
v. t. e. Reference ranges (reference intervals) for blood tests are sets of values used by a health professional to interpret a set of medical test results from blood samples. Reference ranges for blood tests are studied within the field of clinical chemistry (also known as "clinical biochemistry", "chemical pathology" or "pure blood chemistry ...
Abnormal kidney function may cause too much or too little urine to be produced. The ability of the kidneys to filter protein is often measured, as urine albumin or urine protein levels, [2] measured either at a single instance or, because of variation throughout the day, as 24-hour urine tests. [citation needed]
A major measure of kidney function is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The glomerular filtration rate is the flow rate of filtered fluid through the kidney. The creatinine clearance rate (CCr or CrCl) is the volume of blood plasma that is cleared of creatinine per unit time and is a useful measure for approximating the GFR.