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Nicotine is a hygroscopic, colorless to yellow-brown, oily liquid, that is readily soluble in alcohol, ether or light petroleum. It is miscible with water in its neutral amine base form between 60 °C and 210 °C. It is a dibasic nitrogenous base, having K b1 =1×10 −6, K b2 =1×10 −11. [ 163 ]
The role of nicotine in carcinogenesis is of great importance in the evaluation of potentially harmful effects from non-tobacco related sources of nicotine, such as e-cigarettes. [204] Nicotine has been shown to induce chromosomal aberration, chromatid exchange, single-strand DNA strand breaks, and micronuclei in vitro. [204]
An herbal cigarette (also called a tobacco-free cigarette or nicotine-free cigarette) is a cigarette that usually does not contain any tobacco or nicotine, instead being composed of a mixture of various herbs and/or other plant material. [1] However, Chinese herbal cigarettes contain tobacco and nicotine with herbs added, unlike European and ...
Tobacco harm reduction (THR) is a public health strategy to lower the health risks to individuals and wider society associated with using tobacco products. It is an example of the concept of harm reduction, a strategy for dealing with the use of drugs. Tobacco smoking is widely acknowledged as a leading cause of illness and death, [1] and ...
Snus. Tobacco-free snus made of plant and artificial fibers for sale in the United States under the brand Zyn, marketed by Swedish Match. Tobacco-based snus of the Swedish brand General, marketed by Swedish Match. Snus (/ snuːs / SNOOSS, Swedish: [ˈsnʉːs] ⓘ) is a Swedish tobacco product (in Scandinavia) and non-tobacco nicotine product ...
Withdrawal is the body’s reaction to not having the nicotine it had become accustomed to. Withdrawal is most common and intense in cigarette smokers [2][3] and intermediate in smokeless and e-cigarette users. The symptoms of nicotine withdrawal usually appear 2–3 hours after last intake of nicotine and peak in 2–3 days. [1]
The only places people are allowed to smoke are in inside homes and cars as of May 23, 2017 [ 49 ] Long Beach, California bans smoking in all city parks, at or within 20 feet of busstops, and at farmers' markets. Los Angeles, 2007, banned in all city parks, [ 50 ] and, 2011, all outdoor dining areas.
The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (also known as the FSPTC Act) was signed into law by President Barack Obama on June 22, 2009. This bill changed the scope of tobacco policy in the United States by giving the FDA the ability to regulate tobacco products, similar to how it has regulated food and pharmaceuticals since the passing of the Pure Food and Drug Act in 1906.