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In mathematics, a function on the real numbers is called a step function if it can be written as a finite linear combination of indicator functions of intervals. Informally speaking, a step function is a piecewise constant function having only finitely many pieces. An example of step functions (the red graph).
Activity diagrams [1] are graphical representations of workflows of stepwise activities and actions [2] with support for choice, iteration, and concurrency. In the Unified Modeling Language, activity diagrams are intended to model both computational and organizational processes (i.e., workflows), as well as the data flows intersecting with the related activities.
The figure presents an example of a performance-seeking control-flow diagram of the algorithm. The control law consists of estimation, modeling, and optimization processes. In the Kalman filter estimator, the inputs, outputs, and residuals were recorded. At the compact propulsion-system-modeling stage, all the estimated inlet and engine ...
The distributions of a wide variety of physical, biological, and human-made phenomena approximately follow a power law over a wide range of magnitudes: these include the sizes of craters on the moon and of solar flares, [2] cloud sizes, [3] the foraging pattern of various species, [4] the sizes of activity patterns of neuronal populations, [5] the frequencies of words in most languages ...
A directed graph. A classic form of state diagram for a finite automaton (FA) is a directed graph with the following elements (Q, Σ, Z, δ, q 0, F): [2] [3]. Vertices Q: a finite set of states, normally represented by circles and labeled with unique designator symbols or words written inside them
The standard logistic function is the logistic function with parameters =, =, =, which yields = + = + = / / + /.In practice, due to the nature of the exponential function, it is often sufficient to compute the standard logistic function for over a small range of real numbers, such as a range contained in [−6, +6], as it quickly converges very close to its saturation values of 0 and 1.
Smoothstep is a family of sigmoid-like interpolation and clamping functions commonly used in computer graphics, [1] [2] video game engines, [3] and machine learning. [ 4 ] The function depends on three parameters, the input x , the "left edge" and the "right edge", with the left edge being assumed smaller than the right edge.
In the first step of each iteration, each ant stochastically constructs a solution, i.e. the order in which the edges in the graph should be followed. In the second step, the paths found by the different ants are compared. The last step consists of updating the pheromone levels on each edge.