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[4] [5] [6] A 1st- to 2nd–century CE water tank relief panel showing two ardhaphalaka Jain monks carrying colapatta cloth on their left hand found in the ruins of Mathura (Brooklyn Museum 87.188.5). [7] This cloth carrying tradition to cover genitalia by ancient Jain monks in principle resembles the beliefs of the Śvetāmbara. [8]
Jainism (/ ˈ dʒ eɪ n ɪ z əm / JAY-niz-əm), also known as Jain Dharma, [1] is an Indian religion.Jainism traces its spiritual ideas and history through the succession of twenty-four tirthankaras (supreme preachers of dharma), with the first in the current time cycle being Rishabhadeva, whom the tradition holds to have lived millions of years ago, the twenty-third tirthankara Parshvanatha ...
Siddhasena's main contribution in the Sanmatitarka is his analysis of the Jaina theory of Anekantavada. [20] According to Jeffery Long, Siddhasena divides the seven classical Jain nayas (standpoints, viewpoints) into two categories: "those which affirm the substantiality of existence (dravyāstikanayas) [21] and those which affirm the impermanent, changing aspects of existence ...
Jain rituals play an everyday part in Jainism. Rituals take place daily or more often. Rituals include obligations followed by Jains and various forms of idol worship. Jains rituals can be separated broadly in two parts: Karyn (obligations which are followed) and Kriya (worships which are performed).
Shah, Natubhai (2004), Jainism: The World of Conquerors, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-81-208-1938-2; Jain, Kailash Chand (1991), Lord Mahavira and his times, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-81-208-0805-8; Adigal, Prince Ilangô (1965), Shilappadikaram: (The Ankle Bracelet), translated by Alain Daniélou, New Directions, ISBN 9780811200011
The five great vows apply only to ascetics in Jainism, and in their place are five minor vows for laypeople (householders). The historic texts of Jains accept that any activity by a layperson would involve some form of himsa (violence) to some living beings, and therefore the minor vow emphasizes reduction of the impact and active efforts to ...
This text gives an encyclopedic account of the Jain tradition. [5] The text is widely quoted. A widely used quote in Carl Sagan's Cosmos, written in the Mahapurana (Chap 4, verses 16-31, 38-40 [6]) is: [7] "Some foolish men declare that a Creator made the world. The doctrine that the world was created is ill-advised, and should be rejected.
Other than rejecting or accepting different ancient Jain texts, Digambaras and Śvetāmbara differ in other significant ways such as: Śvetāmbaras trace their practices and dress code to the teachings of Parshvanatha, the 23rd tirthankara, which they believe taught only Four restraints (a claim, scholars say are confirmed by the ancient Buddhist texts that discuss Jain monastic life).