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The fall of the Hasmonean Kingdom marked an end to a century of Jewish self-governance, but Jewish nationalism and desire for independence continued under Roman rule, beginning with the Census of Quirinius in CE 6 and leading to a series of Jewish–Roman wars in the 1st–2nd centuries, including the Great Revolt (CE 66–73), the Kitos War ...
The siege and the conquest of Jerusalem were a disaster for the Hasmonean Kingdom. Pompey reinstated Hyrcanus II as the High Priest but stripped him of his royal title. However, Rome later recognised him as an ethnarch in 47 BC. [17] Judea remained autonomous but was obliged to pay tribute and became dependent on the Roman administration in Syria.
Alexander Jannaeus (Ancient Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος Ἰανναῖος Aléxandros Iannaîos; [1] Hebrew: יַנַּאי Yannaʾy; [2] born Jonathan יהונתן) was the second king of the Hasmonean dynasty, who ruled over an expanding kingdom of Judaea from 103 to 76 BCE.
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57–55 BCE: Aulus Gabinius, proconsul of Syria, split the former Hasmonean Kingdom into five districts of legal and religious councils known as sanhedrin based at Jerusalem, Sepphoris , Jericho, Amathus and Gadara. [25] [26] 54 BCE: Crassus loots the temple, confiscating all its gold, after failing to receive the required tribute.
According to the 1897 Russian Empire Census, there were 12,194 people whose native language was "Jewish" in the two provinces that largely covered today's Georgia: Tiflis Governorate (5,188) and Kutais Governorate (7,006). There were 3,419 Jews in Kutaisi city (10.5% of the population), 2,935 in Tiflis, 1,064 in Batumi. [15] [16]
Map of the expanding territory of the Hasmonean kingdom. c. 143–141 BCE. The Acra citadel in Jerusalem, a stronghold of Greek influence, falls to the nascent Hasmonean state. [17] [88] The fortress of Gezer falls to the Hasmoneans. [89] Simon Thassi takes formal control of the nascent independent Hasmonean state in 170 SE.
Mount Sartaba, once topped by Alexandrium fortress. Alexandreion [1] (Greek), or Alexandrium (Latin), called Sartaba in the Mishna and Talmud and Qarn Sartaba in Arabic, was an ancient hilltop fortress constructed by the Hasmoneans [2] between Scythopolis and Jerusalem on a pointy barren hill towering over the Jordan Valley from the west. [3]