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The budget-maximizing model is a stream of public choice theory and rational choice analysis in public administration inaugurated by William Niskanen. Niskanen first presented the idea in 1968, [ 1 ] and later developed it into a book published in 1971. [ 2 ]
Zero-based budgeting (ZBB) is a budgeting method that requires all expenses to be justified and approved in each new budget period, typically each year. It was developed by Peter Pyhrr in the 1970s. This budgeting method analyzes an organization's needs and costs by starting from a "zero base" (meaning no funding allocation) at the beginning of ...
Zero-based budgeting (ZBB) is a response to an incremental decision making process whereby the budget of a given fiscal year (FY) is largely decided upon by the existing budget of FY-1. In contrast to incrementalism , the allocation of scarce resources—funding—is determined from a zero-sum accounting method.
The United States budget process is the framework used by Congress and the President of the United States to formulate and create the United States federal budget.The process was established by the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921, [1] the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974, [2] and additional budget legislation.
Budget Call issued to outline the presentation form, recommend certain goals. Budget Formulation reflecting on the past, set goals for the future and reconcile the difference. Budget Hearings can include departments, sections, the executive, and the public to discuss changes in the budget. Budget Adoption final approval by the legislative body.
Performance-based budgeting is an approach in which funding for an institution "depends on performing in certain ways and meeting certain expectations". [10] " Historically, many colleges have received state funding based on how many full-time equivalent students are enrolled at the beginning of the semester". [ 9 ]
Participatory budgeting pamphlets Presentation of the winning participatory budgeting projects in the district of Białołęka, Warsaw. Participatory budgeting (PB) is a type of citizen sourcing in which ordinary people decide how to allocate part of a municipal or public budget through a process of democratic deliberation and decision-making.
One of the reforms of the Progressive Era in the United States was the executive budget system which had its first application for municipal government. The federal government conducted an important study of the executive budget system during the administration of President William Howard Taft (See Sec. VI: The Taft Commission's Federal Budget Study, pp. 26–31).