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Technology controls: These are controls based on the item being exported, these are usually listed on the Commerce Control List. [4] End-user controls: These are controls based on the ultimate end user, many of these end users are listed on the Entity List. [5] End-use controls: These are controls based on the ultimate end use of the control. [6]
An end-user certificate, or EUC, is a document used in international transfers, including sales and arms provided as aid, of weapons and ammunition to certify that the buyer is the final recipient of the materials and does not plan on transferring the materials to another.
The United States has had export controls since the American Revolution, although the modern export control regimes can be traced back to the Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917. A significant piece of legislation was the Export Control Act of 1940 which inter alia aimed to restrict shipments of material to pre-war Japan.
An Export Management and Compliance Program (EMCP) is required by the U.S. Government to ensure that companies comply with export control policy for dual-use commodities, software, and technology. [1] The policies and regulations are intended to enhance national security; as well as limiting the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.
The Export Control Reform Act of 2018 (ECRA) authorizes the American President to control exports for national security and foreign policy purposes. ECRA is the statutory basis for the Export Administration Regulations (EAR), which are administered by the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) in the Department of Commerce .
The main focus of the bureau is the security of the United States, which includes its national security, economic security, cyber security, and homeland security.For example, in the area of dual-use export controls, BIS administers and enforces such controls to stem the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and the means of delivering them, to halt the spread of weapons to terrorists or ...
China firmly opposes the abuse of export control tools such as the U.S. entity list, a foreign ministry spokesperson said on Friday, after the U.S. added 37 Chinese firms to a trade restriction ...
The Export Administration Act (EAA) of 1979 (P.L. 96-72) authorized to the President to control U.S. exports for national security, foreign policy, and short supply purposes. The EAA, like its predecessors, contained a sunset provision, and, beginning in the mid-1980s, Congress let the EAA lapse several times.