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The hats on the vectors indicate unit vectors in the x, y, and z directions. r = (x, y, z) is the position vector (in meters). The plane wave is parameterized by the amplitudes. Electromagnetic radiation can be imagined as a self-propagating transverse oscillating wave of electric and magnetic fields.
Plane wave expansion method (PWE) refers to a computational technique in electromagnetics to solve the Maxwell's equations by formulating an eigenvalue problem out of the equation. This method is popular among the photonic crystal community as a method of solving for the band structure (dispersion relation) of specific photonic crystal geometries.
The projector augmented wave method (PAW) is a technique used in ab initio electronic structure calculations. It is a generalization of the pseudopotential and linear augmented-plane-wave methods , and allows for density functional theory calculations to be performed with greater computational efficiency.
Thus, the Jones vector represents the amplitude and phase of the electric field in the x and y directions. The sum of the squares of the absolute values of the two components of Jones vectors is proportional to the intensity of light. It is common to normalize it to 1 at the starting point of calculation for simplification.
There is a widespread interpretation of Maxwell's equations indicating that spatially varying electric and magnetic fields can cause each other to change in time, thus giving rise to a propagating electromagnetic wave [6] (electromagnetism). However, Jefimenko's equations show an alternative point of view. [7]
for virtually any well-behaved function g of dimensionless argument φ, where ω is the angular frequency (in radians per second), and k = (k x, k y, k z) is the wave vector (in radians per meter). Although the function g can be and often is a monochromatic sine wave , it does not have to be sinusoidal, or even periodic.
For an incident wave traveling from one medium (where the wave speed is c 1) to another medium (where the wave speed is c 2), one part of the wave will transmit into the second medium, while another part reflects back into the other direction and stays in the first medium. The amplitude of the transmitted wave and the reflected wave can be ...
m s −1 [L][T] −1 (Oscillatory) acceleration amplitude A, a 0, a m. Here a 0 is used. m s −2 [L][T] −2: Spatial position Position of a point in space, not necessarily a point on the wave profile or any line of propagation d, r: m [L] Wave profile displacement