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The budget-maximizing model is a stream of public choice theory and rational choice analysis in public administration inaugurated by William Niskanen. Niskanen first presented the idea in 1968, [ 1 ] and later developed it into a book published in 1971. [ 2 ]
Zero-based budgeting (ZBB) is a budgeting method that requires all expenses to be justified and approved in each new budget period, typically each year. It was developed by Peter Pyhrr in the 1970s. This budgeting method analyzes an organization's needs and costs by starting from a "zero base" (meaning no funding allocation) at the beginning of ...
Zero-based budgeting (ZBB) is a response to an incremental decision making process whereby the budget of a given fiscal year (FY) is largely decided upon by the existing budget of FY-1. In contrast to incrementalism , the allocation of scarce resources—funding—is determined from a zero-sum accounting method.
Budget Call issued to outline the presentation form, recommend certain goals. Budget Formulation reflecting on the past, set goals for the future and reconcile the difference. Budget Hearings can include departments, sections, the executive, and the public to discuss changes in the budget. Budget Adoption final approval by the legislative body.
National budget: a budget that the federal government creates for the entire nation. State budget: In federal systems, individual states also prepare their own budgets. Plan budget: It is a document showing the budgetary provisions for important projects, programmes and schemes included in the central plan of the country.
The application of Performance Based Budgeting in U.S. institutions of higher education provides incentives for colleges to enrol students and thus provide access to post-secondary education. [9] Performance-based budgeting is an approach in which funding for an institution "depends on performing in certain ways and meeting certain expectations ...
Baseline budgeting is an accounting method the United States Federal Government uses to develop a budget for future years. Baseline budgeting uses current spending levels as the "baseline" for establishing future funding requirements and assumes future budgets will equal the current budget times the inflation rate times the population growth rate. [1]
Participatory budgeting pamphlets Presentation of the winning participatory budgeting projects in the district of Białołęka, Warsaw. Participatory budgeting (PB) is a type of citizen sourcing in which ordinary people decide how to allocate part of a municipal or public budget through a process of democratic deliberation and decision-making.