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The Norwegian monarch is the head of state of Norway, which is a constitutional and hereditary monarchy with a parliamentary system.The Norwegian monarchy can trace its line back to the reign of Harald Fairhair and the previous petty kingdoms which were united to form Norway; it has been in unions with both Sweden and Denmark for long periods.
The list of Norwegian monarchs (Norwegian: kongerekken or kongerekka) begins in 872: the traditional dating of the Battle of Hafrsfjord, after which victorious King Harald Fairhair merged several petty kingdoms into that of his father. Named after the homonymous geographical region, Harald's realm was later to be known as the Kingdom of Norway. [1]
But the most devastating factor for the nobility and the monarchy in Norway was the steep decline in income from their holdings. Many farms were deserted and rents and taxes suffered. This left the Norwegian monarchy weakened in terms of manpower, noble support, defence ability and economic power. [1]
The Norwegian monarchy traces its history and origin back to the unification and founding of Norway, as well as Norway's first king, Harald I of the Fairhair dynasty.With the introduction of the Norwegian Law of Succession in 1163, the legal framework established that only one monarch and one royal family was, through succession, allowed to rule.
A monetary history of Norway, 1816–2016 (Cambridge University Press, 2016). Evju, Håkon. Ancient constitutions and modern monarchy: historical writing and enlightened reform in Denmark-Norway 1730–1814 (Brill, 2019) Falls, Cyril. "The Independence of Norway" History Today (Dec 1955) 5#12 pp 833–838, covers 1814–1905. Garau, Salvatore.
Louise of Sweden and Norway 1851–1926: Maud of Wales 1869–1938: Haakon VII 1872–1905–1957: Princess Ingeborg of Denmark 1878–1958: Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland 1861–1951: Olav V 1903–1957–1991: Princess Märtha of Sweden 1901–1954: Harald V 1937–1991–present: Queen Sonja of Norway 1937–present: Haakon, Crown ...
Norway’s transition to a constitutional monarchy in 1814 marked the beginning of its participatory governance system. The 1814 Norwegian Constitution established foundational democratic principles such as the separation of powers, free elections, and civil liberties. [ 28 ]
Denmark–Norway (Danish and Norwegian: Danmark–Norge) is a term for the 16th-to-19th-century multi-national and multi-lingual real union consisting of the Kingdom of Denmark, the Kingdom of Norway (including the then Norwegian overseas possessions: the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, and other possessions), the Duchy of Schleswig, and the Duchy of Holstein.