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A provoked (or an un-provoked, or an idiopathic) seizure must generally occur twice before a person is diagnosed with epilepsy. When used on its own, the term seizure usually refers to an epileptic seizure. The lay use of this word can also include sudden attacks of illness, loss of control, spasm or stroke. [4]
A seizure is a paroxysmal episode of symptoms or altered behavior arising from abnormal excessive or synchronous brain neuronal activity. [5] A focal onset seizure arises from a biological neural network within one cerebral hemisphere, while a generalized onset seizure arises from within the cerebral hemispheres rapidly involving both hemispheres.
Status epilepticus (SE), or status seizure, is a medical condition with abnormally prolonged seizures.It can have long-term consequences, [3] manifesting as a single seizure lasting more than a defined time (time point 1), or 2 or more seizures over the same period without the person returning to normal between them.
These unilateral seizure types (formerly known as simple partial seizure or a complex partial seizure and now referred to as focal aware seizure and focal impaired awareness seizure, respectively [5]) can then spread to both hemispheres of the brain and cause a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. This type of seizure has a specific term called ...
Epilepsy is a group of non-communicable neurological disorders characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures. [10] An epileptic seizure is the clinical manifestation of an abnormal, excessive, and synchronized electrical discharge in the neurons. [1]
PNES episodes can be difficult to distinguish from epileptic seizures without the use of long-term video EEG monitoring.Some characteristics which may distinguish PNES from epileptic seizures include gradual onset, out-of-phase limb movement (in which left and right extremities jerk asynchronously or in opposite directions, as opposed to rhythmically and simultaneously as in epileptic seizures ...
A simple febrile seizure is generalized, occurs singularly, and lasts less than 15 minutes. [19] A complex febrile seizure can be focused in an area of the body, occur more than once, and lasts for more than 15 minutes. [19] Febrile seizures affect 2–4% of children in the United States and Western Europe. It is the most common childhood ...
In 2015 epilepsy was present in about 1.3% of the population of the United States, approximately 3 million adults and 470,000 children. [13] Reflex epilepsy is found in approximately 5% of people who have epilepsy. [3] Photosensitive epilepsy is the most common type of reflex epilepsy, accounting for 75-80% of cases. [3]