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Hotak dynasty (1709–1738), established by Mirwais Hotak from Kandahar, who declared independence from the Persian Safavids. Hotak was a tribal chief of the Ghilzai Pashtuns. [6] [7] The Hotaki dynasty ruled over much of southern Afghanistan and most of Iran (Persia) at its peak.
3.5.1 Theory of Pashtun descent from ... a Pashtun dynasty. ... while literary styles and music reflect influence from the Persian tradition and regional musical ...
The rubab is often used in Pashto music. Loba is very popular among the masses and are added within Tappas occasionally. This is a form of folk music in which a story is told. It requires 2 or more persons who reply to each other in a poetic form. The two sides are usually the lover and the beloved (the man and woman).
The Afghan concept of music is closely associated with instruments, and thus unaccompanied religious singing is not considered music. Koran recitation is an important kind of unaccompanied religious performance, as is the ecstatic Zikr ritual of the Sufis which uses songs called na't, and the Shi'a solo and group singing styles like mursia, manqasat, nowheh and rowzeh.
The Khalji or Khilji [b] dynasty ruled the Delhi sultanate, covering large parts of the Indian subcontinent for nearly three decades between 1290 and 1320. [16] [17] [18] Founded by Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji as the second dynasty to rule the Delhi Sultanate of India, and successfully fending off the repeated Mongol invasions of India. [19] [20]
Pashtunistan (Pashto: پښتونستان, lit. 'land of the Pashtuns') [4] or Pakhtunistan is a historical region on the crossroads of Central and South Asia, located on the Iranian Plateau, inhabited by the Pashtun people of southern and eastern Afghanistan [5] and northwestern Pakistan, [6] [7] wherein Pashtun culture, the Pashto language, and identity have been based.
Karlāṇī or Karrani (Pashto: کرلاڼي) is a Pashtun tribal confederacy. [1] They primarily inhabit the FATA region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan and certain parts of eastern Afghanistan. In the 16th century the Karlani founded the Karrani dynasty, the last dynasty to rule the Bengal Sultanate.
Bahlul Lodi – founder of Lodi Dynasty (reigned 1451–1489), most powerful of the Pashtun chiefs, who replaced the last king of the Sayyid dynasty in 1451; Sikandar Lodi – Sultan of Delhi; Ibrahim Lodi – Sultan of Delhi Lodi Dynasty Reign 1517 – 21 April 1526; Sher Shah Suri – Sultan of the Sur Empire Reign 17 May 1540 – 22 May 1545