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The Greenwood function correlates the position of the hair cells in the inner ear to the frequencies that stimulate their corresponding auditory neurons.Empirically derived in 1961 by Donald D. Greenwood, the relationship has shown to be constant throughout mammalian species when scaled to the appropriate cochlear spiral lengths and audible frequency ranges.
A 2006 study measured the P1 response in deaf children who received cochlear implants at different ages to examine the limits of plasticity in the central auditory system. [24] Children who received cochlear implant stimulation while younger than 3.5 years had normal P1 latencies. Children older than seven years had abnormal latencies.
The acoustic reflex (also known as the stapedius reflex, [1] stapedial reflex, [2] auditory reflex, [3] middle-ear-muscle reflex (MEM reflex, MEMR), [4] attenuation reflex, [5] cochleostapedial reflex [6] or intra-aural reflex [6]) is an involuntary muscle contraction that occurs in the middle ear in response to loud sound stimuli or when the person starts to vocalize.
[1] [2] The absolute threshold is not a discrete point and is therefore classed as the point at which a sound elicits a response a specified percentage of the time. [ 1 ] The threshold of hearing is generally reported in reference to the RMS sound pressure of 20 micropascals , i.e. 0 dB SPL, corresponding to a sound intensity of 0.98 pW/m 2 at ...
The perilymph in the vestibular duct and the endolymph in the cochlear duct act mechanically as a single duct, being kept apart only by the very thin Reissner's membrane. The vibrations of the endolymph in the cochlear duct displace the basilar membrane in a pattern that peaks a distance from the oval window depending upon the soundwave frequency.
As dogs hear higher frequency sounds than humans, they have a different acoustic perception of the world. [24] Sounds that seem loud to humans often emit high-frequency tones that can scare away dogs. Whistles which emit ultrasonic sound, called dog whistles, are used in dog training, as a dog will respond much better to such levels. In the ...
Frequency-following response (FFR), thought to reflect phase-locked neural activity, appears to be adult-like in 1-month-old infants when using a pure tone (centered at 500, 1000 or 2000 Hz) modulated at 80 Hz with a 100% of modulation depth.
[6] [7] They originally believed that the potential originated from the cochlear nerve, but it was later discovered that the response is non-neural and is cochlear in origin, specifically from the outer hair cells. [8] [9] This phenomenon came to be known as the cochlear microphonic (CM). The FFR may have been accidentally discovered back in ...
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