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Think of a set of X numbered items (numbered from 1 to x), from which we choose n, yielding an ordered list of the items: e.g. if there are = items of which we choose =, the result might be the list (5, 2, 10). We then count how many different such lists exist, sometimes first transforming the lists in ways that reduce the number of distinct ...
Combinations and permutations in the mathematical sense are described in several articles. Described together, in-depth: Twelvefold way; Explained separately in a more accessible way: Combination; Permutation; For meanings outside of mathematics, please see both words’ disambiguation pages: Combination (disambiguation) Permutation ...
Although additive combinatorics is a fairly new branch of combinatorics (the term additive combinatorics was coined by Terence Tao and Van H. Vu in their 2006 book of the same name), a much older problem, the Cauchy–Davenport theorem, is one of the most fundamental results in this field.
The double-counted elements are those in the intersection of the two sets and the count is corrected by subtracting the size of the intersection. The inclusion-exclusion principle, being a generalization of the two-set case, is perhaps more clearly seen in the case of three sets, which for the sets A, B and C is given by
The three-choose-two combination yields two results, depending on whether a bin is allowed to have zero items. In both results the number of bins is 3. If zero is not allowed, the number of cookies should be n = 6, as described in the previous figure. If zero is allowed, the number of cookies should only be n = 3.
In decision theory, the weighted sum model (WSM), [1] [2] also called weighted linear combination (WLC) [3] or simple additive weighting (SAW), [4] is the best known and simplest multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) / multi-criteria decision making method for evaluating a number of alternatives in terms of a number of decision criteria.
Alternative notations include C(n, k), n C k, n C k, C k n, [3] C n k, and C n,k, in all of which the C stands for combinations or choices; the C notation means the number of ways to choose k out of n objects. Many calculators use variants of the C notation because they can represent it on a single-line display.
A minimum spanning tree of a weighted planar graph.Finding a minimum spanning tree is a common problem involving combinatorial optimization. Combinatorial optimization is a subfield of mathematical optimization that consists of finding an optimal object from a finite set of objects, [1] where the set of feasible solutions is discrete or can be reduced to a discrete set.