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Oryza sativa, having the common name Asian cultivated rice, [2] is the much more common of the two rice species cultivated as a cereal, the other species being O. glaberrima, African rice. It was first domesticated in the Yangtze River basin in China 13,500 to 8,200 years ago.
Rice can come in many shapes, colours and sizes. This is a list of rice cultivars, also known as rice varieties.There are several species of grain called rice. [1] Asian rice (Oryza sativa) is most widely known and most widely grown, with two major subspecies (indica and japonica) and over 40,000 varieties. [2]
This classification increases understanding of the morphological characters of any particular family. As a disadvantage, this classification crops with different economic uses and morphological and other agrobotanical peculiarities when brought under one family do not generally bring out the economic importance of the individual crops.
Ideally, a taxon is intended to represent a clade, that is, the phylogeny of the organisms under discussion, but this is not a requirement of the zoological and botanical codes. [6] A classification in which all taxa have formal ranks cannot adequately reflect knowledge about phylogeny.
The key activities of cultivated plant taxonomy relate to classification and naming (nomenclature).The rules associated with naming plants are separate from the methods, principles or purposes of classification, except that the units of classification, the taxa, are placed in a nested hierarchy of ranks – like species within genera, and genera within families. [6]
In biology, taxonomy (from Ancient Greek τάξις () 'arrangement' and -νομία () 'method') is the scientific study of naming, defining (circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics.
The zoological code does not regulate names of taxa lower than subspecies or higher than superfamily. There are many attempts to introduce some order on the nomenclature of these taxa, [30] [31] including the PhyloCode, the Duplostensional Nomenclatural System, [32] [33] and circumscriptional nomenclature. [34] [35]
Oryza is a genus of plants in the grass family. [3] [4] It includes the major food crop rice (species Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima).Members of the genus grow as tall, wetland grasses, growing to 1–2 metres (3–7 ft) tall; the genus includes both annual and perennial species.