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Developmental verbal dyspraxia (DVD), also known as childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) and developmental apraxia of speech (DAS), [1] is a condition in which an individual has problems saying sounds, syllables and words. This is not because of muscle weakness or paralysis.
Typically, treatment involves one-on-one therapy with a speech language pathologist (SLP). [2] For severe forms of AOS, therapy may involve multiple sessions per week, which is reduced with speech improvement. Another main theme in AOS treatment is the use of repetition in order to achieve a large number of target utterances, or desired speech ...
Children may be born with apraxia; its cause is unknown, and symptoms are usually noticed in the early stages of development. Apraxia occurring later in life, known as acquired apraxia, is typically caused by traumatic brain injury, stroke, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, brain tumor, or other neurodegenerative disorders. [3]
[2] [3] Apraxia of speech is the acquired form of this disorder caused by brain injury, stroke or dementia. Interventions are more effective when they occur individually at first, and between three and five times per week. With improvements, children with apraxia may be transitioned into group therapy settings.
Common characteristics are speech sound disorder (CAS - childhood apraxia of speech, dysarthria), delayed development, delayed motor development and clumsiness, anxiety (especially on social conditions), selective mutism (in 20% of the subjects), ADHD, oppositional disorder, ASD (in 20%), intellectual disability in 18%, cardio-vascular disease ...
Oculomotor apraxia (OMA) is the absence or defect of controlled, voluntary, and purposeful eye movement. [1] It was first described in 1952 by the American ophthalmologist David Glendenning Cogan . [ 2 ]
All versions are structured to include interviews with both the child and the parents or guardians, and all use a combination of screening questions and more comprehensive modules to balance interview length and thoroughness. The K-SADS serves to diagnose childhood mental disorders in school-aged children 6–18. The different adaptations of ...
For many children and adolescents, this can present as issues with academics. [4] Speech disorders affect roughly 11.5% of the US population, and 5% of the primary school population. [ 5 ] Speech is a complex process that requires precise timing, nerve and muscle control, and as a result is susceptible to impairments.